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Translated by H-mudcup
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
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"application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>
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6.69. Vim-7.4
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</title>
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<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1" />
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<body class="lfs" id="lfs-7.7-systemd">
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<div class="navheader">
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<h4>
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Linux From Scratch - Version 7.7-systemd
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</h4>
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<h3>
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第六章 安装基本的系统软件
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</h3>
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<ul>
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<li class="prev">
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<a accesskey="p" href="texinfo.html" title="Texinfo-5.2">上一页</a>
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<p>
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Texinfo-5.2
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<li class="next">
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<a accesskey="n" href="aboutdebug.html" title=
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"About Debugging Symbols">下一页</a>
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<p>
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关于调试符号
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</p>
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</li>
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<li class="up">
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<a accesskey="u" href="chapter06.html" title=
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"Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software">返回</a>
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<li class="home">
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<a accesskey="h" href="../index.html" title=
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"Linux From Scratch - Version 7.7-systemd">主页</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="wrap" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<h1 class="sect1">
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<a id="ch-system-vim" name="ch-system-vim"></a>6.69. Vim-7.4
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</h1>
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<div class="package" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<p>
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Vim 安装包包含了一个强大的文本编辑器。
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</p>
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<div class="segmentedlist">
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<div class="seglistitem">
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<div class="seg">
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<strong class="segtitle">近似构建时间：</strong>
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<span class="segbody">1.0 SBU</span>
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</div>
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<div class="seg">
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<strong class="segtitle">所需磁盘空间：</strong>
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<span class="segbody">139 MB</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="admon tip">
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<img alt="[Tip]" src="../images/tip.png" />
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<h3>
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Vim 的替代品
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</h3>
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<p>
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如果你钟情于其他的编辑器 —比如 Emacs、 Joe、 或
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Nano—请参考 <a class="ulink" href=
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"http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/systemd/postlfs/editors.html">
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http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/systemd/postlfs/editors.html</a>
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里的安装指导。
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="installation" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<h2 class="sect2">
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6.69.1. Vim 的安装
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</h2>
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<p>
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首先，把配置文件 <code class=
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"filename">vimrc</code> 从默认位置移动到 <code class=
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"filename">/etc</code>:
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class=
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"command">echo '#define SYS_VIMRC_FILE "/etc/vimrc"' >> src/feature.h</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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让 Vim 做好编译准备：
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">./configure --prefix=/usr</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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编译安装包：
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">make</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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检验结果：
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">make -j1 test</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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然而，这个测试会输出一堆二进制数据到屏幕上，这会导致当前设置下的终端出现问题。
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把输出重定向到一个日志文件就可以解决这个问题。测试成功的话就会输出“ALL DONE”。
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</p>
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<p>
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安装软件包:
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">make install</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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许多用户习惯于使用 <span class=
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"command"><strong>vi</strong></span> 而不是 <span class=
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"command"><strong>vim</strong></span>。为了当人们在习惯性的输入
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<span class="command"><strong>vi</strong></span> 时能执行
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<span class="command"><strong>vim</strong></span>，
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需要给二进制文件和 man 页建立符号连接：
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">ln -sv vim /usr/bin/vi
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for L in /usr/share/man/{,*/}man1/vim.1; do
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ln -sv vim.1 $(dirname $L)/vi.1
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done</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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默认情况下，Vim 的说明文档被安装在 <code class=
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"filename">/usr/share/vim</code>里。 下面的这个符号链接让文件可以通过
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<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/vim-7.4</code>被访问，
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让它的位置与其他软件包的文档位置保持一致：
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">ln -sv ../vim/vim74/doc /usr/share/doc/vim-7.4</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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如果要把一个 X Window 系统安装在 LFS 系统上，可能得在安装完 X 系统后再重新编译
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Vim。Vim 带有一个 GUI 版本，这个版本需要安装 X 和一些额外的库。
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想了解更多信息，请参考 Vim 文档和BLFS（<a class="ulink" href=
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"http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/systemd/postlfs/vim.html">
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http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/systemd/postlfs/vim.html</a>）
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中 Vim 安装指导页。
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="configuration" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<h2 class="sect2">
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<a id="conf-vim" name="conf-vim"></a>6.69.2. 设置 Vim
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</h2>
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<p>
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默认情况下，<span class="command"><strong>vim</strong></span> 是以不
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兼容 vi 的模式运行的。这对于过去使用其他编辑器的用户可能是个新问题。下面列出了
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<span class="quote">“<span class=
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"quote">非兼容性</span>”</span>设置以突出显示使用的新特性。
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它也提醒着那些想换成<span class=
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"quote">“<span class="quote">兼容</span>”</span>
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模式的人，这是配置文件里第一个该被设置的地方。
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这非常有必要，因为它会改变其他的设置，而且覆写必须在这个设置之后。以下面的方式，
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创建一个默认的 <span class="command"><strong>vim</strong></span> 配置文件：
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">cat > /etc/vimrc << "EOF"
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<code class="literal">" Begin /etc/vimrc
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set nocompatible
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set backspace=2
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syntax on
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if (&term == "iterm") || (&term == "putty")
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set background=dark
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endif
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" End /etc/vimrc</code>
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EOF</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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<em class="parameter"><code>set nocompatible</code></em>
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设置让 <span class="command"><strong>vim</strong></span>
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比 vi 兼容模式更有用。删掉<span class="quote">“<span class=
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"quote">no</span>”</span>以保留旧的 <span class=
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"command"><strong>vi</strong></span> 特性。<em class=
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"parameter"><code>set backspace=2</code></em> 设置让退格跨越换行、
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自动缩进和插入的开始。<em class="parameter"><code>syntax on</code></em>
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参数使 vim 能高亮显示语法。最后，带有 <em class=
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"parameter"><code>set background=dark</code></em> 的 <span class=
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"emphasis"><em>if</em></span> 语句矫正了
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<span class="command"><strong>vim</strong></span> 对于某些终端模拟器的背景颜色的估算。
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这让某些写在黑色背景上的程序的高亮色能有更好的调色方案。
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</p>
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<p>
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用下面的命令可以获得其他选项的文档：
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">vim -c ':options'</kbd>
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</pre>
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<div class="admon note">
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<img alt="[Note]" src="../images/note.png" />
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<h3>
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注意
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</h3>
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<p>
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默认情况下，Vim 只安装了英文的拼写检查文件。要想安装你想要的语言的拼写检查文件，
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请从 <a class="ulink" href=
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"ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/spell/">ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/spell/</a>
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下载你所用语言的
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<code class="filename">*.spl</code> 文件，可下也可不下的 <code class="filename">*.sug</code> 文件
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以及文字编码。并把它们保存到 <code class=
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"filename">/usr/share/vim/vim74/spell/</code>.
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</p>
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<p>
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要使用这些文件，需要设置 <code class=
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"filename">/etc/vimrc</code> 里的某些项，例如：
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</p>
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<pre class="screen">
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<code class="literal">set spelllang=en,ru
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set spell</code>
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</pre>
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<p>
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想要了解更多信息，请阅读上方 URL 里对应 README 文件。
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="content" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<h2 class="sect2">
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<a id="contents-vim" name="contents-vim"></a>6.69.3. 关于 Vim 的内容
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</h2>
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<div class="segmentedlist">
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<div class="seglistitem">
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<div class="seg">
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<strong class="segtitle">已安装软件：</strong>
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<span class="segbody">ex （链接到 vim），rview （链接到 vim），
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rvim （链接到 vim），vi （链接到 vim），view （链接到 vim），vim，
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vimdiff （链接到 vim），vimtutor，还有 xxd</span>
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</div>
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<div class="seg">
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<strong class="segtitle">安装目录：</strong>
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<span class="segbody">/usr/share/vim</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="variablelist">
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<h3>
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简短描述
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</h3>
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<table border="0" class="variablelist">
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<colgroup>
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<col align="left" valign="top" />
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<col />
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</colgroup>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="ex" name="ex"></a><span class="term"><span class=
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"command"><strong>ex</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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以 ex 模式启动 <span class="command"><strong>vim</strong></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="rview" name="rview"></a><span class=
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"term"><span class=
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"command"><strong>rview</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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是 <span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> 的一个受限版本；
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不能启动 shell 命令，而且 <span class=
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"command"><strong>view</strong></span> 无法暂停
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="rvim" name="rvim"></a><span class=
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"term"><span class=
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"command"><strong>rvim</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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是 <span class="command"><strong>vim</strong></span> 的一个受限版本；
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不能启动 shell 命令，而且 <span class=
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"command"><strong>vim</strong></span> 无法暂停
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="vi" name="vi"></a><span class="term"><span class=
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"command"><strong>vi</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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链接到 <span class="command"><strong>vim</strong></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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||
</tr>
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<tr>
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||
<td>
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||
<p>
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<a id="view" name="view"></a><span class=
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||
"term"><span class=
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||
"command"><strong>view</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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以只读模式启动 <span class="command"><strong>vim</strong></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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||
</tr>
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<tr>
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||
<td>
|
||
<p>
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||
<a id="vim" name="vim"></a><span class=
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||
"term"><span class="command"><strong>vim</strong></span></span>
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||
</p>
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||
</td>
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||
<td>
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||
<p>
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就是这个编辑器
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||
</p>
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||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
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||
<td>
|
||
<p>
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||
<a id="vimdiff" name="vimdiff"></a><span class=
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||
"term"><span class=
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||
"command"><strong>vimdiff</strong></span></span>
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||
</p>
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||
</td>
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||
<td>
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||
<p>
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用 <span class=
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||
"command"><strong>vim</strong></span> 编辑一个文件的两到三个版本并显示它们的区别
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||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>
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||
<a id="vimtutor" name="vimtutor"></a><span class=
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||
"term"><span class=
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||
"command"><strong>vimtutor</strong></span></span>
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||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="command"><strong>vim</strong></span>基本热键和命令的教学
|
||
</p>
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||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a id="xxd" name="xxd"></a><span class=
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||
"term"><span class="command"><strong>xxd</strong></span></span>
|
||
</p>
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||
</td>
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||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
将给定文件进行十六进制转储，还可以还原；所以它可以被用于打二进制补丁
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="navfooter">
|
||
<div class="book">
|
||
<div class="titlepage">
|
||
<div class="author">
|
||
<span class="firstname">翻译团队：<a href="http://lctt.github.io/" target="_blank">LCTT</a></span>
|
||
<span class="surname">译者/校对：<a href="http://github.com/H-mudcup" target="_blank">H-mudcup</a>,<a href="http://github.com/" target="_blank"></a></span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="prev">
|
||
<a accesskey="p" href="texinfo.html" title="Texinfo-5.2">上一页</a>
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<p>
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Texinfo-5.2
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</p>
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</li>
|
||
<li class="next">
|
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<a accesskey="n" href="aboutdebug.html" title=
|
||
"About Debugging Symbols">下一页</a>
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<p>
|
||
关于调试符号
|
||
</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="up">
|
||
<a accesskey="u" href="chapter06.html" title=
|
||
"Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software">返回</a>
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||
</li>
|
||
<li class="home">
|
||
<a accesskey="h" href="../index.html" title=
|
||
"Linux From Scratch - Version 7.7-systemd">主页</a>
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</li>
|
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</ul>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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