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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
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<title>
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6.20. Ncurses-5.9
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<body class="lfs" id="lfs-7.7-systemd">
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<div class="navheader">
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<h4>
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Linux From Scratch - Version 7.7-systemd
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</h4>
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<h3>
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第六章 安装基本的系统软件
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</h3>
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<ul>
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<li class="prev">
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<a accesskey="p" href="pkg-config.html" title=
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"Pkg-config-0.28">上一页</a>
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Pkg-config-0.28
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<a accesskey="n" href="attr.html" title="Attr-2.4.47">下一页</a>
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Attr-2.4.47
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<a accesskey="u" href="chapter06.html" title=
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"第六章 安装基本的系统软件">返回</a>
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"Linux From Scratch - Version 7.7-systemd">主页</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="wrap" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<h1 class="sect1">
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<a id="ch-system-ncurses" name="ch-system-ncurses"></a>6.20.
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Ncurses-5.9
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</h1>
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<div class="package" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<p>
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Ncurses 软件包包含用于终端无关的字符屏幕的库。
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</p>
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<div class="segmentedlist">
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<div class="seglistitem">
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<div class="seg">
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<strong class="segtitle">大概编译时间:</strong>
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<span class="segbody">0.5 SBU</span>
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</div>
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<div class="seg">
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<strong class="segtitle">需要磁盘空间:</strong>
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<span class="segbody">54 MB</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="installation" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<h2 class="sect2">
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6.20.1. 安装 Ncurses
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</h2>
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<p>
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准备编译 Ncurses:
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">./configure --prefix=/usr \
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--mandir=/usr/share/man \
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--with-shared \
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--without-debug \
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--enable-pc-files \
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--enable-widec</kbd>
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</pre>
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<div class="variablelist">
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<p class="title">
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<strong>新配置选项的含义:</strong>
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</p>
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<dl class="variablelist">
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<dt>
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<span class="term"><em class=
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"parameter"><code>--enable-widec</code></em></span>
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</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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这个选项会编译宽字符库(例如 <code class="filename">libncursesw.so.5.9</code>) 而不是通常的(例如 <code class=
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"filename">libncurses.so.5.9</code>)。宽字符库可用于多字节和传统的 8-bit 本地字符，
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而通常的库只能用于 8-bit 本地字符。宽字符库和通常的库源文件兼容，但二进制文件并不兼容。
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>
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<span class="term"><em class=
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"parameter"><code>--enable-pc-files</code></em></span>
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</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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该选项为 pkg-config 生成和安装 .pc 文件。
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</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<p>
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编译软件包：
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">make</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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该软件包有个测试套件，但只能在安装完软件包后运行。测试程序在 <code class=
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"filename">test/</code> 目录中。查看该目录中的 <code class=
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"filename">README</code> 文件获取更详细信息。
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</p>
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<p>
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安装软件包:
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">make install</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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移动共享库到期望的 <code class="filename">/lib</code> 文件夹：
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">mv -v /usr/lib/libncursesw.so.5* /lib</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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由于库已经被移走了，符号链接指向了一个不存在的文件。重建符号链接：
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class=
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"command">ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libncursesw.so) /usr/lib/libncursesw.so</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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很多应用程序仍然希望编辑器能找到非宽字符 Ncurses 库。通过符号链接和链接器脚本
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欺骗这样的应用链接到宽字符库：
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">for lib in ncurses form panel menu ; do
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rm -vf /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so
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echo "INPUT(-l${lib}w)" > /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so
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ln -sfv lib${lib}w.a /usr/lib/lib${lib}.a
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ln -sfv ${lib}w.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig/${lib}.pc
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done
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ln -sfv libncurses++w.a /usr/lib/libncurses++.a</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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最后，确保仍然可编译在编译时会查找 <code class=
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"filename">-lcurses</code> 的旧应用程序：
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">rm -vf /usr/lib/libcursesw.so
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echo "INPUT(-lncursesw)" > /usr/lib/libcursesw.so
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ln -sfv libncurses.so /usr/lib/libcurses.so
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ln -sfv libncursesw.a /usr/lib/libcursesw.a
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ln -sfv libncurses.a /usr/lib/libcurses.a</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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如果需要的话，安装 Ncurses 的帮助文档：
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">mkdir -v /usr/share/doc/ncurses-5.9
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cp -v -R doc/* /usr/share/doc/ncurses-5.9</kbd>
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</pre>
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<div class="admon note">
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<img alt="[Note]" src="../images/note.png" />
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<h3>
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注意
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</h3>
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<p>
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上面的指令不会创建非宽字符 Ncurses 库，因为运行时没有从源文件中编译安装的软件包会链接它们。
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如果你由于一些二进制只读应用程序或要和 LSB 兼容而必须要有这样的库，用下面的命令重新编译软件包：
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">make distclean
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./configure --prefix=/usr \
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--with-shared \
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--without-normal \
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--without-debug \
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--without-cxx-binding
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make sources libs
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cp -av lib/lib*.so.5* /usr/lib</kbd>
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</pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="content" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<h2 class="sect2">
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<a id="contents-ncurses" name="contents-ncurses"></a>6.20.2. Ncurses 的内容
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</h2>
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<div class="segmentedlist">
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<div class="seglistitem">
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<div class="seg">
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<strong class="segtitle">安装的程序:</strong>
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<span class="segbody">captoinfo (link to tic), clear, infocmp,
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infotocap (link to tic), ncursesw5-config, reset (link to
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tset), tabs, tic, toe, tput, and tset</span>
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</div>
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<div class="seg">
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<strong class="segtitle">安装的库:</strong>
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<span class="segbody">libcursesw.{a,so} (symlink and linker
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script to libncursesw.{a,so}), libformw.{a,so},
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libmenuw.{a,so}, libncurses++w.a, libncursesw.{a,so},
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libpanelw.{a,so}, and their non-wide-character counterparts
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without "w" in the library names.</span>
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</div>
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<div class="seg">
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<strong class="segtitle">安装目录:</strong>
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<span class="segbody">/usr/share/tabset, /usr/share/terminfo,
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and /usr/share/doc/ncurses-5.9</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="variablelist">
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<h3>
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简要介绍
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</h3>
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<table border="0" class="variablelist">
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<colgroup>
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<col align="left" valign="top" />
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<col />
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</colgroup>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="captoinfo" name="captoinfo"></a><span class=
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"term"><span class=
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"command"><strong>captoinfo</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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转换 termcap 描述为 terminfo 描述
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="clear" name="clear"></a><span class=
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"term"><span class=
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"command"><strong>clear</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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如果可以的话清空屏幕
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="infocmp" name="infocmp"></a><span class=
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"term"><span class=
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"command"><strong>infocmp</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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比较或输出 terminfo 描述
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="infotocap" name="infotocap"></a><span class=
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"term"><span class=
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"command"><strong>infotocap</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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转换 terminfo 描述为 termcap 描述
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="ncursesw5-config" name=
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"ncursesw5-config"></a><span class="term"><span class=
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"command"><strong>ncursesw5-config</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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为 ncurses 提供配置信息
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="reset" name="reset"></a><span class=
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"term"><span class=
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"command"><strong>reset</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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重新初始化终端为默认值
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="tabs" name="tabs"></a><span class=
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"term"><span class=
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"command"><strong>tabs</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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清空并设置标签在终端中停止
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="tic" name="tic"></a><span class=
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"term"><span class="command"><strong>tic</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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将 terminfo 文件从源文件格式转换到二进制格式的 terminfo 条目描述编译器需要 ncurses 例程[terminfo 文件包含特定终端的功能信息]
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="toe" name="toe"></a><span class=
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"term"><span class="command"><strong>toe</strong></span></span>
|
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</p>
|
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</td>
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<td>
|
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<p>
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列出所有可用的终端类型，给出每个的名称和描述
|
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="tput" name="tput"></a><span class=
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"term"><span class=
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"command"><strong>tput</strong></span></span>
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</p>
|
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</td>
|
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<td>
|
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<p>
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使终端相关的变量对 shell 可用；也可用来重置或初始化终端或者报告它的完整名称
|
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</p>
|
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</td>
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</tr>
|
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="tset" name="tset"></a><span class=
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"term"><span class=
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"command"><strong>tset</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
|
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<td>
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<p>
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可以用来初始化终端
|
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
|
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<p>
|
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<a id="libcursesw" name="libcursesw"></a><span class=
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"term"><code class="filename">libcursesw</code></span>
|
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</p>
|
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</td>
|
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<td>
|
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<p>
|
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到 <code class="filename">libncursesw</code> 的链接。
|
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</p>
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</td>
|
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</tr>
|
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<tr>
|
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<td>
|
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<p>
|
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<a id="libncursesw" name="libncursesw"></a><span class=
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"term"><code class="filename">libncursesw</code></span>
|
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</p>
|
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</td>
|
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<td>
|
|
<p>
|
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包含在一个终端屏幕以多种复制方式显示文本的函数；使用这些功能的一个好的例子是内核 <span class="command"><strong>make
|
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menuconfig</strong></span> 时的菜单显示
|
|
</p>
|
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</td>
|
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</tr>
|
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<tr>
|
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<td>
|
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<p>
|
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<a id="libformw" name="libformw"></a><span class=
|
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"term"><code class="filename">libformw</code></span>
|
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</p>
|
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</td>
|
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<td>
|
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<p>
|
|
包含实现表单的函数
|
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
|
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<p>
|
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<a id="libmenuw" name="libmenuw"></a><span class=
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"term"><code class="filename">libmenuw</code></span>
|
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</p>
|
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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包含实现菜单的函数
|
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
|
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<tr>
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<td>
|
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<p>
|
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<a id="libpanelw" name="libpanelw"></a><span class=
|
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"term"><code class="filename">libpanelw</code></span>
|
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</p>
|
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</td>
|
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<td>
|
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<p>
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包含实现面板的函数
|
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
|
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</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
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<div class="navfooter">
|
|
<div class="book">
|
|
<div class="titlepage">
|
|
<div class="author">
|
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<span class="firstname">翻译团队：<a href="http://lctt.github.io/" target="_blank">LCTT</a></span>
|
|
<span class="surname">译者/校对：<a href="http://github.com/ictlyh" target="_blank">ictlyh</a>,</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
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<ul>
|
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<li class="prev">
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<a accesskey="p" href="pkg-config.html" title=
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"Pkg-config-0.28">上一页</a>
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<p>
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Pkg-config-0.28
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</p>
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</li>
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<li class="next">
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<a accesskey="n" href="attr.html" title="Attr-2.4.47">下一页</a>
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<p>
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Attr-2.4.47
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