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130 lines
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130 lines
5.3 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
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"application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>
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6.5. 创建系统目录
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</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../stylesheets/lfs.css" />
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<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../stylesheets/lfs-print.css" type="text/css"
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media="print" />
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</head>
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<body class="lfs" id="lfs-7.7-systemd">
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<div class="navheader">
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<h4>
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Linux From Scratch - Version 7.7-systemd
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</h4>
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<h3>
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Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software
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</h3>
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<ul>
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<li class="prev">
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<a accesskey="p" href="chroot.html" title=
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"Entering the Chroot Environment">Prev</a>
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<p>
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Entering the Chroot Environment
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</p>
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</li>
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<li class="next">
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<a accesskey="n" href="createfiles.html" title=
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"Creating Essential Files and Symlinks">Next</a>
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<p>
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Creating Essential Files and Symlinks
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</p>
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</li>
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<li class="up">
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<a accesskey="u" href="chapter06.html" title=
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"Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software">Up</a>
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</li>
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<li class="home">
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<a accesskey="h" href="../index.html" title=
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"Linux From Scratch - Version 7.7-systemd">Home</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<h1 class="sect1">
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<a id="ch-system-creatingdirs" name="ch-system-creatingdirs"></a>6.5.
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创建系统目录
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</h1>
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<p>
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现在准备创建LFS文件系统里的一些目录结构。使用下面的命令创建一个标准的目录树：
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class=
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"command">mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/{opt,sysconfig},home,lib/firmware,mnt,opt}
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mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var}
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install -dv -m 0750 /root
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install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
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mkdir -v /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
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mkdir -v /usr/libexec
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
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case $(uname -m) in
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x86_64) ln -sv lib /lib64
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ln -sv lib /usr/lib64
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ln -sv lib /usr/local/lib64 ;;
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esac
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mkdir -v /var/{log,mail,spool}
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ln -sv /run /var/run
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ln -sv /run/lock /var/lock
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mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{color,misc,locate},local}</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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一般目录默认会按755的权限创建，但是这并不适用于所有的目录。在上面的命令里，有两个改动—一个是<code class="systemitem">root</code>用户的主目录，另一个是存放临时文件的目录。
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</p>
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<p>
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第一个模式改动能保证不是所有人都能进入<code class="filename">/root</code>目录—同样的一般用户也需要为他/她的主目录设置这样的模式。第二个模式改动能保证所有用户都可以写目录<code class="filename">/tmp</code>和<code class="filename">/var/tmp</code>。还增加了一个所谓的<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">粘滞位</span>”</span>的限制，位掩码0x1777中最高位的比特(1)。
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</p>
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<div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<h2 class="sect2">
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6.5.1. 关于FHS兼容性
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</h2>
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<p>
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这个目录树是基于文件系统目录结构标准（FHS）（参看<a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/en/FHS">https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/en/FHS</a>）。FHS标准还规定了<code class="filename">/usr/local/games</code>和<code class="filename">/usr/share/games</code>目录。另外FHS标准关于<code class="filename">/usr/local/share</code>里子目录的结构要求并不清晰，所以我们只创建了我们需要的目录。不过，如果你更喜欢严格遵守FHS标准，创建这些目录也不会有问题。
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="navfooter">
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<div class="book">
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<div class="titlepage">
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<div class="author">
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<span class="firstname">翻译团队：<a href="http://lctt.github.io/" target="_blank">LCTT</a></span>
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<span class="surname">译者/校对：<a href="http://github.com/zpl1025" target="_blank">zpl1025</a>/</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<ul>
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<li class="prev">
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<a accesskey="p" href="chroot.html" title=
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"Entering the Chroot Environment">Prev</a>
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<p>
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Entering the Chroot Environment
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</p>
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</li>
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<li class="next">
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<a accesskey="n" href="createfiles.html" title=
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"Creating Essential Files and Symlinks">Next</a>
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<p>
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Creating Essential Files and Symlinks
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</p>
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</li>
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<li class="up">
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<a accesskey="u" href="chapter06.html" title=
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"Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software">Up</a>
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</li>
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<li class="home">
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<a accesskey="h" href="../index.html" title=
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"Linux From Scratch - Version 7.7-systemd">Home</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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