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6.13. Binutils-2.25
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<h4>
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Linux From Scratch - Version 7.7-systemd
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</h4>
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<h3>
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第六章 安装基本的系统软件
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<a accesskey="n" href="gmp.html" title="GMP-6.0.0a">下一页</a>
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GMP-6.0.0a
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</div>
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<div class="wrap" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<h1 class="sect1">
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<a id="ch-system-binutils" name="ch-system-binutils"></a>6.13.
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Binutils-2.25
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</h1>
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<div class="package" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<p>
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Binutils 软件包包含一个链接器、一个汇编器、以及其它处理目标文件的工具。
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</p>
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<div class="segmentedlist">
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<div class="seglistitem">
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<div class="seg">
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<strong class="segtitle">大概编译时间:</strong>
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<span class="segbody">2.2 SBU</span>
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</div>
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<div class="seg">
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<strong class="segtitle">需要磁盘空间:</strong>
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<span class="segbody">473 MB</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="installation" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<h2 class="sect2">
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6.13.1. 安装 Binutils
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</h2>
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<p>
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通过一个简单测试验证 PTYs 能在 chroot 环境下正常工作：
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">expect -c "spawn ls"</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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这个命令应该输出以下内容：
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</p>
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<pre class="screen">
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<code class="computeroutput">spawn ls</code>
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</pre>
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<p>
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假如输出包括下面的信息，那么表示没有为 PTY 操作设置好环境。在运行 Binutils 和 GCC 的测试套件之前需要解决这个问题：
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</p>
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<pre class="screen">
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<code class="computeroutput">The system has no more ptys.
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Ask your system administrator to create more.</code>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Binutils 指南建议在源文件目录之外一个专用的编译目录编译 Binutils：
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">mkdir -v ../binutils-build
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cd ../binutils-build</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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准备编译 Binutils:
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">../binutils-2.25/configure --prefix=/usr \
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--enable-shared \
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--disable-werror</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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编译软件包:
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">make tooldir=/usr</kbd>
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</pre>
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<div class="variablelist">
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<p class="title">
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<strong>make 参数的含义:</strong>
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</p>
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<dl class="variablelist">
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<dt>
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<span class="term"><em class=
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"parameter"><code>tooldir=/usr</code></em></span>
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</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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一般来说，tooldir (最终存放可执行文件的目录) 设置为
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<code class="filename">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</code>。例如，x86_64 机器会把它扩展为<code class=
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"filename">/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu</code>。因为这是个自定制的系统，并不需要 <code class="filename">/usr</code>
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中的特定目标目录。如果系统用于交叉编译(例如，在 Intel 机器上编译能生成在 PowerPC 机器上运行的代码的软件包)会使用
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<code class="filename">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</code>。
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</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="admon important">
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<img alt="[Important]" src="../images/important.png" />
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<h3>
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重要
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</h3>
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<p>
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该章节 Binutils 的测试套件至关重要，任何情况下都不能跳过。
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</p>
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</div>
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<p>
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查看结果:
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">make -k check</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>
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安装软件包:
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</p>
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<pre class="userinput">
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<kbd class="command">make tooldir=/usr install</kbd>
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</pre>
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</div>
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<div class="content" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<h2 class="sect2">
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<a id="contents-binutils" name="contents-binutils"></a>6.13.2.Binutils 内容
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</h2>
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<div class="segmentedlist">
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<div class="seglistitem">
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<div class="seg">
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<strong class="segtitle">安装的程序:</strong>
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<span class="segbody">addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, elfedit,
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gprof, ld, ld.bfd, nm, objcopy, objdump, ranlib, readelf, size,
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strings, and strip</span>
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</div>
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<div class="seg">
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<strong class="segtitle">安装的库:</strong>
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<span class="segbody">libbfd.{a,so} and
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libopcodes.{a,so}</span>
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</div>
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<div class="seg">
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<strong class="segtitle">安装目录:</strong>
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<span class="segbody">/usr/lib/ldscripts</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="variablelist">
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<h3>
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简要介绍
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</h3>
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<table border="0" class="variablelist">
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<colgroup>
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<col align="left" valign="top" />
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<col />
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</colgroup>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="addr2line" name="addr2line"></a><span class=
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"term"><span class=
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"command"><strong>addr2line</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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转换程序地址为文件名称和行号；给定一个地址和可执行文件的名称，它使用可执行文件的调试信息判断和地址关联的源文件以及行号。
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="ar" name="ar"></a><span class="term"><span class=
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"command"><strong>ar</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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创建、更改以及抽取归档文件。
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="as" name="as"></a><span class="term"><span class=
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||
"command"><strong>as</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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一个将<span class=
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"command"><strong>gcc</strong></span> 的输出汇编到目标文件的汇编器。
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="c-filt" name="c-filt"></a><span class=
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"term"><span class=
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"command"><strong>c++filt</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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链接器用来过滤 C++ 和 Java 符号以及防止重载函数冲突。
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="elfedit" name="elfedit"></a><span class=
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"term"><span class=
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"command"><strong>elfedit</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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更新 ELF 文件的 ELF 文件头
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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||
<td>
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||
<p>
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||
<a id="gprof" name="gprof"></a><span class=
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||
"term"><span class=
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||
"command"><strong>gprof</strong></span></span>
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||
</p>
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||
</td>
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||
<td>
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||
<p>
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||
显示调用关系图配置数据
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||
</p>
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||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
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||
<td>
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||
<p>
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||
<a id="ld" name="ld"></a><span class="term"><span class=
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||
"command"><strong>ld</strong></span></span>
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||
</p>
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||
</td>
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||
<td>
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||
<p>
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||
一个将多个目标文件和归档文件合并为单一文件，重定位数据以及绑定符号引用的链接器。
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||
</p>
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||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
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||
<td>
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||
<p>
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||
<a id="ld.bfd" name="ld.bfd"></a><span class=
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||
"term"><span class=
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||
"command"><strong>ld.bfd</strong></span></span>
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||
</p>
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||
</td>
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||
<td>
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||
<p>
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||
到 <span class=
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||
"command"><strong>ld</strong></span> 的硬链接。
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||
</p>
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||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
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||
<td>
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||
<p>
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||
<a id="nm" name="nm"></a><span class="term"><span class=
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||
"command"><strong>nm</strong></span></span>
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||
</p>
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||
</td>
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||
<td>
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||
<p>
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||
列出指定目标文件中出现的符号
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</p>
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||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
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||
<td>
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||
<p>
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||
<a id="objcopy" name="objcopy"></a><span class=
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||
"term"><span class=
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||
"command"><strong>objcopy</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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转换某种类型的目标文件到另一种类型
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<a id="objdump" name="objdump"></a><span class=
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"term"><span class=
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||
"command"><strong>objdump</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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||
<p>
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||
显示给定目标文件的信息，用选项控制要显示的特定信息；显示的信息使用编译工具的程序员非常有用。
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</p>
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||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
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||
<td>
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<p>
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<a id="ranlib" name="ranlib"></a><span class=
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"term"><span class=
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||
"command"><strong>ranlib</strong></span></span>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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生成归档文件内容的索引并保存到归档文件；索引列出了所有归档文件成员-可重定位的目标文件定义的符号。
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</p>
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</td>
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||
</tr>
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<tr>
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||
<td>
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||
<p>
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||
<a id="readelf" name="readelf"></a><span class=
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||
"term"><span class=
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||
"command"><strong>readelf</strong></span></span>
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||
</p>
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||
</td>
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||
<td>
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||
<p>
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||
显示 ELF 类型二进制文件的信息
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</p>
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||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
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||
<td>
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||
<p>
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||
<a id="size" name="size"></a><span class=
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||
"term"><span class=
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||
"command"><strong>size</strong></span></span>
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||
</p>
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||
</td>
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||
<td>
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||
<p>
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列出所给目标文件各部分大小和总的大小
|
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</p>
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||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
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||
<td>
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||
<p>
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||
<a id="strings" name="strings"></a><span class=
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||
"term"><span class=
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||
"command"><strong>strings</strong></span></span>
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||
</p>
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||
</td>
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||
<td>
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||
<p>
|
||
对每个给定文件，输出不低于指定长度(默认是4)的可打印字符序列；对于目标文件，它默认只打印初始化和引导部分的字符串，而对于其它类型的文件扫描整个文件。
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
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||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a id="strip" name="strip"></a><span class=
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||
"term"><span class=
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||
"command"><strong>strip</strong></span></span>
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||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
忽略目标文件中的符号
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a id="libbfd" name="libbfd"></a><span class=
|
||
"term"><code class="filename">libbfd</code></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
二进制文件描述库
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a id="libopcodes" name="libopcodes"></a><span class=
|
||
"term"><code class="filename">libopcodes</code></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
用于处理操作码—处理器指令的<span class=
|
||
"quote">“<span class="quote">可读文本</span>”</span>版本
|
||
的库；用于构建类似<span class="command"><strong>objdump</strong></span>
|
||
的工具。
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="navfooter">
|
||
<div class="book">
|
||
<div class="titlepage">
|
||
<div class="author">
|
||
<span class="firstname">翻译团队：<a href="http://lctt.github.io/" target="_blank">LCTT</a></span>
|
||
<span class="surname">译者/校对：<a href="http://github.com/ictlyh" target="_blank">ictlyh</a>,</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="prev">
|
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<a accesskey="p" href="file.html" title="File-5.22">上一页</a>
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<p>
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File-5.22
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</p>
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</li>
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<li class="next">
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<a accesskey="n" href="gmp.html" title="GMP-6.0.0a">下一页</a>
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<p>
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GMP-6.0.0a
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</p>
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</li>
|
||
<li class="up">
|
||
<a accesskey="u" href="chapter06.html" title=
|
||
"第六章 安装基本的系统软件">返回</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="home">
|
||
<a accesskey="h" href="../index.html" title=
|
||
"Linux From Scratch - Version 7.7-systemd">主页</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
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||
</div>
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||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|