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139 lines
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HTML
139 lines
5.7 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>LFS Install Notes - Chapter 2</title>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
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<body>
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<article>
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<header>
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<h1>Chapter 2 Creating the File System</h1>
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</header>
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<section class="intro">
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<p>As we have discussed creating a proper filesystem is
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essential to creating a Linux installation that works well. Do to the
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limitations of our disk, you need to follow the directions below instead of
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those found in chapter two of the book.</p>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Partitioning The System</h2>
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<p>We need to come up with a good partitioning scheme first and foremost. You
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must use the scheme below:</p>
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<ol>
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<li><span class="file">/dev/sda</span>
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<ul>
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<li>3GB for /</li>
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<li>256MB for /home</li>
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<li>The rest is for swap. We are using a large swap space to make
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up for the low RAM situation.</li>
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</ul></li>
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<li><span class="file">/dev/sdb</span>
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<ul>
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<li>Everything goes to <span class="file">/mnt/lfs/source</span>.</li>
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</ul></li>
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</ol>
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<p>As your disk stands it is essentially empty. The fdisk program may give
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you a warning about this, just ignore it. The primary virtual hard drive
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should be the <span class="file">/dev/sda</span> device. Below is what
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your partition table should look like after using <code>fdisk</code> on
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<span class="file">/dev/sda</span>.</p>
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<pre class="edit"><span class="cmd">fdisk -l /dev/sda</span>
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Disk /dev/sda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
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255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders, total 8388608 sectors
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Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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Disk identifier: 0xe1cc3e22
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Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
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/dev/sda1 2048 6293503 3145728 83 Linux
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/dev/sda2 6293504 6817791 262144 83 Linux
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/dev/sda3 6817792 8388607 785408 83 Linux
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</pre>
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<p>Building Linux takes a lot of room. As you may have noticed our virtual
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hard drive is very small. To make up for this deficit we are going to use
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a seperate hard drive to do the actual compiling and to store the sources
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code. This device should be <span class="file">/dev/sdb</span>. As mentioned
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in the chart above, you basically want just one big partition. Below is what
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your partition table should look like after using <code>fdisk</code> on
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<span class="file">/dev/sdb</span>.</p>
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<pre class="edit"><span class="cmd">fdisk -l /dev/sdb</span>
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Disk /dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
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43 heads, 32 sectors/track, 6096 cylinders, total 8388608 sectors
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Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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Disk identifier: 0xf9034dc3
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Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
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/dev/sdb1 2048 8388607 4193280 83 Linux
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</pre>
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<h2>Formatting The Filesystem</h2>
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<p>You need to make <span class="file">/dev/sda1</span>,
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<span class="file">/dev/sda2</span>, and <span class="file">/dev/sdb1</span>
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use the ext4 filesystem. The <span class="file">/dev/sda3</span> partition
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should be made into a swap partition. If you are not sure what to do, look at
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the <a href="../lectures/12-Filesystems.html">lecture notes</a>.</p>
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<h2>Mounting the Filesystems</h2>
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<p>In order to use the partitions we must mount them. The book assumes that
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the installed system will be at <code>$LFS</code>. This makes it easy for
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the book to refer to the absolute path on our system. We also need to
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create the directories that we will use to mount the
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<span class="file">/home</span> and <span class="file">/sources</span> (build)
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directory. We then tell the OS to start using our new swap space.</p>
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<pre class="cmd">export LFS=/mnt/lfs
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mkdir -v $LFS
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mount -v -t ext4 /dev/sda1 $LFS
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mkdir -pv $LFS/{home,sources}
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mount -v -t ext4 /dev/sda2 $LFS/home
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mount -v -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 $LFS/sources
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/sbin/swapon -v /dev/sda3</pre>
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<p>There is a handy program that tells you about the space on a mounted
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filesystem. Below is the command and the expected output. The highlighted
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lines are the filesystems you created.</p>
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<pre class="edit"><span class="cmd">df -h</span>
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Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
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rootfs 1.5G 30M 1.5G 2% /
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udev 10M 0 10M 0% /dev
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tmpfs 305M 544K 304M 1% /run
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/dev/sr0 433M 433M 0 100% /lib/live/mount/medium
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/dev/loop0 413M 413M 0 100% /lib/live/mount/rootfs/filesystem.squashfs
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tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /lib/live/mount/overlay
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tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /lib/live/mount/overlay
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aufs 1.5G 30M 1.5G 2% /
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tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
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tmpfs 609M 0 609M 0% /run/shm
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tmpfs 1.5G 20K 1.5G 1% /tmp
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tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /var/tmp
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<mark>/dev/sda1 2.9G 4.6M 2.8G 1% /mnt/lfs
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/dev/sda2 240M 2.1M 222M 1% /mnt/lfs/home
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/dev/sdb1 3.9G 8.0M 3.7G 1% /mnt/lfs/sources</mark>
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</pre>
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<p>Why are the sizes different than expected? The reason is that fdisk rounds
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sizes down to the nearest cylinder. This means that sizes usually come up a
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little smaller than expected. Furthermore, the meta-data for the filesystem
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takes up space. This fine for our case.</p>
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<p>This would be a good time to take your first snapshot.</p>
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</section>
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