mirror of
https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat.git
synced 2026-01-13 20:12:26 +00:00
579 lines
24 KiB
Python
Executable File
579 lines
24 KiB
Python
Executable File
#!/usr/bin/env python3
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import os
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import re
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import shlex
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import shutil
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import subprocess
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import sys
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import time
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import common
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defaults = {
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'cpus': 1,
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'debug_guest': False,
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'debug_vm': None,
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'eval': None,
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'extra_emulator_args': [],
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'gem5_exe_args': '',
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'gem5_script': 'fs',
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'gem5_readfile': '',
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'gem5_restore': None,
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'graphic': False,
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'initramfs': False,
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'initrd': False,
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'kernel_cli': None,
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'kernel_cli_after_dash': None,
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'eval_busybox': None,
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'kgdb': False,
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'kdb': False,
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'kvm': False,
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'memory': '256M',
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'record': False,
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'replay': False,
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'terminal': False,
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'tmux': None,
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'trace': None,
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'userland': None,
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'userland_before': '',
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'vnc': False,
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}
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def main(args, extra_args=None):
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global defaults
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args = common.resolve_args(defaults, args, extra_args)
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# Common qemu / gem5 logic.
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# nokaslr:
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# * https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/397939/turning-off-kaslr-to-debug-linux-kernel-using-qemu-and-gdb
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# * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44612822/unable-to-debug-kernel-with-qemu-gdb/49840927#49840927
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# Turned on by default since v4.12
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kernel_cli = 'console_msg_format=syslog nokaslr norandmaps panic=-1 printk.devkmsg=on printk.time=y rw'
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if args.kernel_cli is not None:
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kernel_cli += ' {}'.format(args.kernel_cli)
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kernel_cli_after_dash = ''
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extra_emulator_args = []
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extra_qemu_args = []
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if args.debug_vm is not None:
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print(args.debug_vm)
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debug_vm = ['gdb', '-q'] + shlex.split(args.debug_vm) + ['--args']
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else:
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debug_vm = []
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if args.debug_guest:
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extra_qemu_args.append('-S')
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if args.eval_busybox is not None:
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kernel_cli_after_dash += ' lkmc_eval_base64="{}"'.format(common.base64_encode(args.eval_busybox))
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if args.kernel_cli_after_dash is not None:
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kernel_cli_after_dash += ' {}'.format(args.kernel_cli_after_dash)
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if args.vnc:
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vnc = ['-vnc', ':0']
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else:
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vnc = []
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if args.initrd or args.initramfs:
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ramfs = True
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else:
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ramfs = False
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if args.eval is not None:
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if ramfs:
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initarg = 'rdinit'
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else:
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initarg = 'init'
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kernel_cli += ' {}=/eval_base64.sh'.format(initarg)
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kernel_cli_after_dash += ' lkmc_eval="{}"'.format(common.base64_encode(args.eval))
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if not args.graphic:
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extra_qemu_args.append('-nographic')
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console = None
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console_type = None
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console_count = 0
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if args.arch == 'x86_64':
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console_type = 'ttyS'
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elif common.is_arm:
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console_type = 'ttyAMA'
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console = '{}{}'.format(console_type, console_count)
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console_count += 1
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if not (args.arch == 'x86_64' and args.graphic):
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kernel_cli += ' console={}'.format(console)
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extra_console = '{}{}'.format(console_type, console_count)
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console_count += 1
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if args.kdb or args.kgdb:
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kernel_cli += ' kgdbwait'
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if args.kdb:
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if args.graphic:
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kdb_cmd = 'kbd,'
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else:
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kdb_cmd = ''
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kernel_cli += ' kgdboc={}{},115200'.format(kdb_cmd, console)
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if args.kgdb:
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kernel_cli += ' kgdboc={},115200'.format(extra_console)
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if kernel_cli_after_dash:
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kernel_cli += " -{}".format(kernel_cli_after_dash)
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extra_env = {}
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if args.trace is None:
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do_trace = False
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# A dummy value that is already turned on by default and does not produce large output,
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# just to prevent QEMU from emitting a warning that '' is not valid.
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trace_type = 'load_file'
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else:
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do_trace = True
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trace_type = args.trace
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def raise_rootfs_not_found():
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raise Exception('Root filesystem not found. Did you build it?\n' \
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'Tried to use: ' + common.disk_image)
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def raise_image_not_found():
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raise Exception('Executable image not found. Did you build it?\n' \
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'Tried to use: ' + common.image)
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if common.image is None:
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raise Exception('Baremetal ELF file not found. Tried:\n' + '\n'.join(paths))
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cmd = debug_vm.copy()
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if args.gem5:
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if args.baremetal is None:
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if not os.path.exists(common.rootfs_raw_file):
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if not os.path.exists(common.qcow2_file):
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raise_rootfs_not_found()
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common.raw_to_qcow2(prebuilt=args.prebuilt, reverse=True)
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else:
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if not os.path.exists(common.gem5_fake_iso):
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os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(common.gem5_fake_iso), exist_ok=True)
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common.write_string_to_file(common.gem5_fake_iso, 'a' * 512)
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if not os.path.exists(common.image):
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# This is to run gem5 from a prebuilt download.
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if (not args.baremetal is None) or (not os.path.exists(common.linux_image)):
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raise_image_not_found()
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common.run_cmd([os.path.join(common.extract_vmlinux, common.linux_image)])
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os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(common.gem5_readfile), exist_ok=True)
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common.write_string_to_file(common.gem5_readfile, args.gem5_readfile)
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memory = '{}B'.format(args.memory)
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gem5_exe_args = shlex.split(args.gem5_exe_args)
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if do_trace:
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gem5_exe_args.append('--debug-flags={}'.format(trace_type))
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extra_env['M5_PATH'] = common.gem5_system_dir
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# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52312070/how-to-modify-a-file-under-src-python-and-run-it-without-rebuilding-in-gem5/52312071#52312071
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extra_env['M5_OVERRIDE_PY_SOURCE'] = 'true'
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cmd.extend(
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[
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common.executable,
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'--debug-file=trace.txt',
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] +
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gem5_exe_args +
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[
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'-d', common.m5out_dir
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]
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)
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if args.userland is not None:
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cmd.extend([common.gem5_se_file, '-c', common.resolve_userland(args.userland)])
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else:
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if args.gem5_script == 'fs':
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# TODO port
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if args.gem5_restore is not None:
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cpt_dirs = common.gem_list_checkpoint_dirs()
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cpt_dir = cpt_dirs[-args.gem5_restore]
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extra_emulator_args.extend(['-r', str(sorted(cpt_dirs).index(cpt_dir) + 1)])
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cmd.extend([
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common.gem5_fs_file,
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'--disk-image', common.disk_image,
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'--kernel', common.image,
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'--mem-size', memory,
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'--num-cpus', str(args.cpus),
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'--script', common.gem5_readfile,
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])
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if args.arch == 'x86_64':
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if args.kvm:
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cmd.extend(['--cpu-type', 'X86KvmCPU'])
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cmd.extend(['--command-line', 'earlyprintk={} lpj=7999923 root=/dev/sda {}'.format(console, kernel_cli)])
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elif common.is_arm:
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# TODO why is it mandatory to pass mem= here? Not true for QEMU.
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# Anything smaller than physical blows up as expected, but why can't it auto-detect the right value?
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cmd.extend([
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'--command-line', 'earlyprintk=pl011,0x1c090000 lpj=19988480 rw loglevel=8 mem={} root=/dev/sda {}'.format(memory, kernel_cli),
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'--dtb-filename', os.path.join(common.gem5_system_dir, 'arm', 'dt', 'armv{}_gem5_v1_{}cpu.dtb'.format(common.armv, args.cpus)),
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'--machine-type', common.machine,
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'--param', 'system.panic_on_panic = True',
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])
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if not args.baremetal is None:
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cmd.append('--bare-metal')
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if args.arch == 'aarch64':
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# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43682311/uart-communication-in-gem5-with-arm-bare-metal/50983650#50983650
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cmd.extend(['--param', 'system.highest_el_is_64 = True'])
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cmd.extend(['--param', 'system.auto_reset_addr_64 = True'])
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elif args.gem5_script == 'biglittle':
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if args.gem5_restore is not None:
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cpt_dir = common.gem_list_checkpoint_dirs()[-args.gem5_restore]
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extra_emulator_args.extend(['--restore-from', os.path.join(common.m5out_dir, cpt_dir)])
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cmd.extend([
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os.path.join(common.gem5_src_dir, 'configs', 'example', 'arm', 'fs_bigLITTLE.py'),
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'--big-cpus', '2',
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'--cpu-type', 'atomic',
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'--disk', common.disk_image,
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'--dtb', os.path.join(common.gem5_system_dir, 'arm', 'dt', 'armv8_gem5_v1_big_little_2_2.dtb'),
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'--kernel', common.image,
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'--little-cpus', '2'
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])
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if args.debug_guest:
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# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49296092/how-to-make-gem5-wait-for-gdb-to-connect-to-reliably-break-at-start-kernel-of-th
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cmd.extend(['--param', 'system.cpu[0].wait_for_remote_gdb = True'])
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else:
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qemu_user_and_system_options = [
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'-trace', 'enable={},file={}'.format(trace_type, common.qemu_trace_file),
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]
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if args.userland is not None:
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if args.debug_guest:
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debug_args = ['-g', str(common.gdb_port)]
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else:
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debug_args = []
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cmd.extend(
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[
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os.path.join(common.qemu_build_dir, '{}-linux-user'.format(args.arch), 'qemu-{}'.format(args.arch)),
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'-L', common.target_dir,
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] +
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qemu_user_and_system_options +
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shlex.split(args.userland_before) +
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debug_args +
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[
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common.resolve_userland(args.userland)
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]
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)
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else:
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if not os.path.exists(common.image):
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raise_image_not_found()
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extra_emulator_args.extend(extra_qemu_args)
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common.make_run_dirs()
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if args.prebuilt:
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qemu_executable = common.qemu_executable_basename
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qemu_found = shutil.which(qemu_executable) is not None
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else:
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qemu_executable = common.qemu_executable
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qemu_found = os.path.exists(qemu_executable)
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if not qemu_found:
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raise Exception('QEMU executable not found, did you forget to build or install it?\n' \
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'Tried to use: ' + qemu_executable)
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if args.debug_vm:
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serial_monitor = []
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else:
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serial_monitor = ['-serial', 'mon:stdio']
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if args.kvm:
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extra_emulator_args.append('-enable-kvm')
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extra_emulator_args.extend(['-serial', 'tcp::{},server,nowait'.format(common.extra_serial_port)])
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virtfs_data = [
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(common.p9_dir, 'host_data'),
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(common.out_dir, 'host_out'),
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(common.out_rootfs_overlay_dir, 'host_out_rootfs_overlay'),
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(common.rootfs_overlay_dir, 'host_rootfs_overlay'),
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]
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virtfs_cmd = []
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for virtfs_dir, virtfs_tag in virtfs_data:
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if os.path.exists(virtfs_dir):
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virtfs_cmd.extend([
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'-virtfs',
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'local,path={virtfs_dir},mount_tag={virtfs_tag},security_model=mapped,id={virtfs_tag}' \
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.format(virtfs_dir=virtfs_dir, virtfs_tag=virtfs_tag
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)])
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cmd.extend(
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[
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qemu_executable,
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'-device', 'rtl8139,netdev=net0',
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'-gdb', 'tcp::{}'.format(common.gdb_port),
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'-kernel', common.image,
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'-m', args.memory,
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'-monitor', 'telnet::{},server,nowait'.format(common.qemu_monitor_port),
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'-netdev', 'user,hostfwd=tcp::{}-:{},hostfwd=tcp::{}-:22,id=net0'.format(common.qemu_hostfwd_generic_port, common.qemu_hostfwd_generic_port, common.qemu_hostfwd_ssh_port),
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'-no-reboot',
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'-smp', str(args.cpus),
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] +
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virtfs_cmd +
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qemu_user_and_system_options +
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serial_monitor +
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vnc
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)
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if args.initrd:
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extra_emulator_args.extend(['-initrd', os.path.join(common.buildroot_images_dir, 'rootfs.cpio')])
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rr = args.record or args.replay
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if ramfs:
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# TODO why is this needed, and why any string works.
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root = 'root=/dev/anything'
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else:
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if rr:
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driveif = 'none'
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rrid = ',id=img-direct'
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root = 'root=/dev/sda'
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snapshot = ''
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else:
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driveif = 'virtio'
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root = 'root=/dev/vda'
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rrid = ''
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snapshot = ',snapshot'
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if args.baremetal is None:
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if not os.path.exists(common.qcow2_file):
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if not os.path.exists(common.rootfs_raw_file):
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raise_rootfs_not_found()
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common.raw_to_qcow2(prebuilt=args.prebuilt)
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extra_emulator_args.extend([
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'-drive',
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'file={},format=qcow2,if={}{}{}'.format(common.disk_image, driveif, snapshot, rrid)
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])
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if rr:
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extra_emulator_args.extend([
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'-drive', 'driver=blkreplay,if=none,image=img-direct,id=img-blkreplay',
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'-device', 'ide-hd,drive=img-blkreplay'
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])
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if rr:
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extra_emulator_args.extend([
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'-object', 'filter-replay,id=replay,netdev=net0',
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'-icount', 'shift=7,rr={},rrfile={}'.format('record' if args.record else 'replay', common.qemu_rrfile),
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])
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virtio_gpu_pci = []
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else:
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virtio_gpu_pci = ['-device', 'virtio-gpu-pci']
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if args.arch == 'x86_64':
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append = ['-append', '{} nopat {}'.format(root, kernel_cli)]
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cmd.extend([
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'-M', common.machine,
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'-device', 'edu',
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])
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elif common.is_arm:
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extra_emulator_args.append('-semihosting')
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if args.arch == 'arm':
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cpu = 'cortex-a15'
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else:
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cpu = 'cortex-a57'
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append = ['-append', '{} {}'.format(root, kernel_cli)]
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cmd.extend(
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[
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# highmem=off needed since v3.0.0 due to:
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# http://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/qemu-discuss/2018-08/msg00034.html
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'-M', '{},highmem=off'.format(common.machine),
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'-cpu', cpu,
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] +
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virtio_gpu_pci
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)
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if args.baremetal is None:
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cmd.extend(append)
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if args.tmux is not None:
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if args.gem5:
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subprocess.Popen([os.path.join(common.root_dir, 'tmu'),
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'sleep 2;./gem5-shell -n {} {}' \
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.format(args.run_id, args.tmux)
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])
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elif args.debug_guest:
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# TODO find a nicer way to forward all those args automatically.
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# Part of me wants to: https://github.com/jonathanslenders/pymux
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# but it cannot be used as a library properly it seems, and it is
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# slower than tmux.
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subprocess.Popen([os.path.join(common.root_dir, 'tmu'),
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"sleep 2;./run-gdb --arch '{}' --linux-build-id '{}' --run-id '{}' {}" \
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.format(
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args.arch,
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args.linux_build_id,
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args.run_id,
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args.tmux
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)
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])
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cmd.extend(extra_emulator_args)
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cmd.extend(args.extra_emulator_args)
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if debug_vm or args.terminal:
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out_file = None
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else:
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out_file = common.termout_file
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common.run_cmd(cmd, cmd_file=common.run_cmd_file, out_file=out_file, extra_env=extra_env)
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# Check if guest panicked.
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if args.gem5:
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# We have to do some parsing here because gem5 exits with status 0 even when panic happens.
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# Grepping for '^panic: ' does not work because some errors don't show that message.
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panic_msg = b'--- BEGIN LIBC BACKTRACE ---$'
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else:
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panic_msg = b'Kernel panic - not syncing'
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panic_re = re.compile(panic_msg)
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with open(common.termout_file, 'br') as logfile:
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for line in logfile:
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if panic_re.search(line):
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common.log_error('simulation error detected by parsing logs')
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return 1
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return 0
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def get_argparse():
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parser = common.get_argparse(argparse_args={'description':'Run Linux on an emulator'})
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init_group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
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kvm_group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
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parser.add_argument(
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'-c', '--cpus', default=defaults['cpus'], type=int,
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help='Number of guest CPUs to emulate. Default: %(default)s'
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)
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parser.add_argument(
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'-D', '--debug-vm', default=defaults['debug_vm'], nargs='?', action='store', const='',
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help='Run GDB on the emulator itself.'
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)
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kvm_group.add_argument(
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'-d', '--debug-guest', default=defaults['debug_guest'], action='store_true',
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help='Wait for GDB to connect before starting execution'
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)
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parser.add_argument(
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'-E', '--eval',
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help='''\
|
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Replace the normal init with a minimal init that just evals the given string.
|
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See: https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat#replace-init
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'''
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)
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parser.add_argument(
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'-e', '--kernel-cli',
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help='''\
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Pass an extra Linux kernel command line options, and place them before
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the dash separator `-`. Only options that come before the `-`, i.e.
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"standard" options, should be passed with this option.
|
|
Example: `./run -a arm -e 'init=/poweroff.out'`
|
|
'''
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'-F', '--eval-busybox',
|
|
help='''\
|
|
Pass a base64 encoded command line parameter that gets evalled by the Busybox init.
|
|
See: https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat#init-busybox
|
|
'''
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'-f', '--kernel-cli-after-dash',
|
|
help='''\
|
|
Pass an extra Linux kernel command line options, add a dash `-`
|
|
separator, and place the options after the dash. Intended for custom
|
|
options understood by our `init` scripts, most of which are prefixed
|
|
by `lkmc_`.
|
|
Example: `./run -f 'lkmc_eval="wget google.com" lkmc_lala=y'`
|
|
Mnenomic: `-f` comes after `-e`.
|
|
'''
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'-G', '--gem5-exe-args', default=defaults['gem5_exe_args'],
|
|
help='''\
|
|
Pass extra options to the gem5 executable.
|
|
Do not confuse with the arguments passed to config scripts,
|
|
like `fs.py`. Example:
|
|
./run -G '--debug-flags=Exec --debug' --gem5 -- --cpu-type=HPI --caches
|
|
will run:
|
|
gem.op5 --debug-flags=Exec fs.py --cpu-type=HPI --caches
|
|
'''
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'--gem5-script', default=defaults['gem5_script'], choices=['fs', 'biglittle'],
|
|
help='Which gem5 script to use'
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'--gem5-readfile', default=defaults['gem5_readfile'],
|
|
help='Set the contents of m5 readfile to this string.'
|
|
)
|
|
init_group.add_argument(
|
|
'-I', '--initramfs', default=defaults['initramfs'], action='store_true',
|
|
help='Use initramfs instead of a root filesystem'
|
|
)
|
|
init_group.add_argument(
|
|
'-i', '--initrd', default=defaults['initrd'], action='store_true',
|
|
help='Use initrd instead of a root filesystem'
|
|
)
|
|
kvm_group.add_argument(
|
|
'-K', '--kvm', default=defaults['kvm'], action='store_true',
|
|
help='Use KVM. Only works if guest arch == host arch'
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'--kgdb', default=defaults['kgdb'], action='store_true'
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'--kdb', default=defaults['kdb'], action='store_true'
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'-l', '--gem5-restore', type=int,
|
|
help='''\
|
|
Restore the nth most recently taken gem5 checkpoint according to directory
|
|
timestamps.
|
|
'''
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'-m', '--memory', default=defaults['memory'],
|
|
help='''\
|
|
Set the memory size of the guest. E.g.: `-m 512M`. We try to keep the default
|
|
at the minimal ammount amount that boots all archs. Anything lower could lead
|
|
some arch to fail to boot.
|
|
Default: %(default)s
|
|
'''
|
|
)
|
|
group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
|
|
group.add_argument(
|
|
'-R', '--replay', default=defaults['replay'], action='store_true',
|
|
help='Replay a QEMU run record deterministically'
|
|
)
|
|
group.add_argument(
|
|
'-r', '--record', default=defaults['record'], action='store_true',
|
|
help='Record a QEMU run record for later replay with `-R`'
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'-T', '--trace',
|
|
help='''\
|
|
Set trace events to be enabled. If not given, gem5 tracing is completely
|
|
disabled, while QEMU tracing is enabled but uses default traces that are very
|
|
rare and don't affect performance, because `./configure
|
|
--enable-trace-backends=simple` seems to enable some traces by default, e.g.
|
|
`pr_manager_run`, and I don't know how to get rid of them.
|
|
'''
|
|
)
|
|
init_group.add_argument(
|
|
'--terminal', default=defaults['terminal'], action='store_true',
|
|
help='''Output to the terminal, don't pipe to tee as the default.
|
|
Does not save the output to a file, but allows you to use debuggers.
|
|
Set automatically by --debug-vm, but you still need this option to debug
|
|
gem5 Python scripts.
|
|
'''
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'-t', '--tmux', default=defaults['tmux'], nargs='?', action='store', const='',
|
|
help='''\
|
|
Create a tmux split the window. You must already be inside of a `tmux` session
|
|
to use this option:
|
|
* on the main window, run the emulator as usual
|
|
* on the split:
|
|
** if on QEMU and `-d` is given, GDB
|
|
** if on gem5, the gem5 terminal
|
|
If values are given to this option, pass those as parameters
|
|
to the program running on the split.
|
|
'''
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'-u', '--userland', default=defaults['userland'],
|
|
help='''\
|
|
Run the given userland executable in user mode instead of booting the Linux kernel
|
|
in full system mode. In gem5, user mode is called Syscall Emulation (SE) mode and
|
|
uses se.py.
|
|
|
|
Path resolution is similar to --baremetal.
|
|
'''
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'--userland-before', default=defaults['userland_before'],
|
|
help='''\
|
|
Pass these Krguments to the QEMU user mode CLI before the program to execute.
|
|
This is required with --userland since arguments that come at the end are interpreted
|
|
as command line arguments to that executable.
|
|
'''
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'-x', '--graphic', default=defaults['graphic'], action='store_true',
|
|
help='Run in graphic mode. Mnemonic: X11'
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'-V', '--vnc', default=defaults['vnc'], action='store_true',
|
|
help='''\
|
|
Run QEMU with VNC instead of the default SDL. Connect to it with:
|
|
`vinagre localhost:5900`.
|
|
'''
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'extra_emulator_args', nargs='*', default=defaults['extra_emulator_args'],
|
|
help='Extra options to append at the end of the emulator command line'
|
|
)
|
|
return parser
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
parser = get_argparse()
|
|
args = common.setup(parser)
|
|
start_time = time.time()
|
|
exit_status = main(args)
|
|
end_time = time.time()
|
|
common.print_time(end_time - start_time)
|
|
sys.exit(exit_status)
|