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https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat.git
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611 lines
36 KiB
HTML
611 lines
36 KiB
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<meta name="description" content="The perfect emulation setup to study and develop the <<linux-kernel>> v5.9.2, kernel modules, <<qemu-buildroot-setup,QEMU>>, <<gem5-buildroot-setup,gem5>> and x86_64, ARMv7 and ARMv8 <<userland-assembly,userland>> and <<baremetal-setup,baremetal>> assembly, <<c,ANSI C>>, <<cpp,C++>> and <<posix,POSIX>>. EVERYTHING is built from source. <<gdb>> and <<kgdb>> just work. Powered by <<about-the-qemu-buildroot-setup,Buildroot>> and <<about-the-baremetal-setup,crosstool-NG>>. Highly automated. Thoroughly documented. Automated <<test-this-repo,tests>>. "Tested" in an Ubuntu 20.04 host.">
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<title>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</title>
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</head>
|
||
<body id="kgdb" class="article">
|
||
<div id="header">
|
||
<h1>Linux Kernel Module Cheat</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="content">
|
||
<div class="sect1">
|
||
<h2 id="kgdb"><a class="anchor" href="#kgdb"></a><a class="link" href="#kgdb">4. KGDB</a></h2>
|
||
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>KGDB is kernel dark magic that allows you to GDB the kernel on real hardware without any extra hardware support.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>It is useless with QEMU since we already have full system visibility with <code>-gdb</code>. So the goal of this setup is just to prepare you for what to expect when you will be in the treches of real hardware.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>KGDB is cheaper than JTAG (free) and easier to setup (all you need is serial), but with less visibility as it depends on the kernel working, so e.g.: dies on panic, does not see boot sequence.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>First run the kernel with:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>./run --kgdb</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>this passes the following options on the kernel CLI:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>kgdbwait kgdboc=ttyS1,115200</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p><code>kgdbwait</code> tells the kernel to wait for KGDB to connect.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>So the kernel sets things up enough for KGDB to start working, and then boot pauses waiting for connection:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre><6>[ 4.866050] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
|
||
<6>[ 4.893205] 00:05: ttyS0 at I/O 0x3f8 (irq = 4, base_baud = 115200) is a 16550A
|
||
<6>[ 4.916271] 00:06: ttyS1 at I/O 0x2f8 (irq = 3, base_baud = 115200) is a 16550A
|
||
<6>[ 4.987771] KGDB: Registered I/O driver kgdboc
|
||
<2>[ 4.996053] KGDB: Waiting for connection from remote gdb...
|
||
|
||
Entering kdb (current=0x(____ptrval____), pid 1) on processor 0 due to Keyboard Entry
|
||
[0]kdb></pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>KGDB expects the connection at <code>ttyS1</code>, our second serial port after <code>ttyS0</code> which contains the terminal.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>The last line is the KDB prompt, and is covered at: <a href="kdb.html">Section 4.3, “KDB”</a>. Typing now shows nothing because that prompt is expecting input from <code>ttyS1</code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Instead, we connect to the serial port <code>ttyS1</code> with GDB:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>./run-gdb --kgdb --no-continue</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Once GDB connects, it is left inside the function <code>kgdb_breakpoint</code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>So now we can set breakpoints and continue as usual.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>For example, in GDB:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>continue</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>Then in QEMU:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>./count.sh &
|
||
./kgdb.sh</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p><a href="https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat/blob/master/rootfs_overlay/lkmc/kgdb.sh">rootfs_overlay/lkmc/kgdb.sh</a> pauses the kernel for KGDB, and gives control back to GDB.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>And now in GDB we do the usual:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="literalblock">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<pre>break __x64_sys_write
|
||
continue
|
||
continue
|
||
continue
|
||
continue</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>And now you can count from KGDB!</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>If you do: <code>break __x64_sys_write</code> immediately after <code>./run-gdb --kgdb</code>, it fails with <code>KGDB: BP remove failed: <address></code>. I think this is because it would break too early on the boot sequence, and KGDB is not yet ready.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph">
|
||
<p>See also:</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/v4.9/Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl" class="bare">https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/v4.9/Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/22004616/qemu-kernel-debugging-with-kgdb/44197715#44197715" class="bare">https://stackoverflow.com/questions/22004616/qemu-kernel-debugging-with-kgdb/44197715#44197715</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="ulist">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="kgdb-arm.html">KGDB ARM</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="kgdb-kernel-modules.html">KGDB kernel modules</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="kdb.html">KDB</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="paragraph nav-footer">
|
||
<p>← Previous: <a href="remote-g-packet.html">Remote 'g' packet reply is too long</a> | ↑ Up: <a href="README.html">Linux Kernel Module Cheat</a> | Next: <a href="kgdb-arm.html">KGDB ARM</a> →</p>
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