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git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk@1059165 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68
212 lines
7.7 KiB
XML
212 lines
7.7 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
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<!DOCTYPE manualpage SYSTEM "../style/manualpage.dtd">
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<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="../style/manual.en.xsl"?>
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<!-- $LastChangedRevision$ -->
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<!--
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Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
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contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
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this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
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The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
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(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
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the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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limitations under the License.
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-->
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<manualpage metafile="vhosts.xml.meta">
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<parentdocument href="./">Rewrite</parentdocument>
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<title>Dynamic mass virtual hosts with mod_rewrite</title>
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<summary>
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<p>This document supplements the <module>mod_rewrite</module>
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<a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">reference documentation</a>. It describes
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how you can use <module>mod_rewrite</module> to create dynamically
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configured virtual hosts.</p>
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<note type="warning">mod_rewrite is not the best way to configure
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virtual hosts. You should first consider the <a
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href="../vhosts/mass.html">alternatives</a> before resorting to
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mod_rewrite. See also the "<a href="avoid.html#vhosts">how to avoid
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mod_rewrite</a> document.</note>
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</summary>
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<seealso><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">Module documentation</a></seealso>
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<seealso><a href="intro.html">mod_rewrite introduction</a></seealso>
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<seealso><a href="remapping.html">Redirection and remapping</a></seealso>
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<seealso><a href="access.html">Controlling access</a></seealso>
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<!--<seealso><a href="vhosts.html">Virtual hosts</a></seealso>-->
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<seealso><a href="proxy.html">Proxying</a></seealso>
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<seealso><a href="rewritemap.html">RewriteMap</a></seealso>
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<seealso><a href="advanced.html">Advanced techniques and tricks</a></seealso>
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<seealso><a href="avoid.html">When not to use mod_rewrite</a></seealso>
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<section id="per-hostname">
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<title>Virtual Hosts For Arbitrary Hostnames</title>
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<dl>
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<dt>Description:</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>We want to automatically create a virtual host for every hostname
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which resolves in our domain, without having to create
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new VirtualHost sections.</p>
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<p>In this recipe, we assume that we'll be using the hostname
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<code>www.<strong>SITE</strong>.example.com</code> for each
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user, and serve their content out of
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<code>/home/<strong>SITE</strong>/www</code>.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>Solution:</dt>
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<dd>
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<example>
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RewriteEngine on<br />
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<br />
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RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br />
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<br />
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RewriteCond %{lowercase:%{<strong>HTTP_HOST</strong>}} ^www\.<strong>([^.]+)</strong>\.example\.com$<br />
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RewriteRule ^(.*) /home/<strong>%1</strong>/www$1
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</example></dd>
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<dt>Discussion</dt>
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<dd>
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<note type="warning">You will need to take care of the DNS
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resolution - Apache does
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not handle name resolution. You'll need either to create CNAME
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records for each hostname, or a DNS wildcard record. Creating DNS
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records is beyond the scope of this document.</note>
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<p>The internal <code>tolower</code> RewriteMap directive is used to
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ensure that the hostnames being used are all lowercase, so that there is
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no ambiguity in the directory structure which must be created.</p>
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<p>Parentheses used in a <directive
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module="mod_rewrite">RewriteCond</directive> are captured into the
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backreferences <code>%1</code>, <code>%2</code>, etc, while parentheses
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used in <directive module="mod_rewrite">RewriteRule</directive> are
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captured into the backreferences <code>$1</code>, <code>$2</code>,
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etc.</p>
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<p>
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As with many techniques discussed in this document, mod_rewrite really
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isn't the best way to accomplish this task. You should, instead,
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consider using <module>mod_vhost_alias</module> instead, as it will much
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more gracefully handle anything beyond serving static files, such as any
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dynamic content, and Alias resolution.
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</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</section>
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<section id="simple.rewrite"><title>Dynamic
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Virtual Hosts Using <module>mod_rewrite</module></title>
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<p>This extract from <code>httpd.conf</code> does the same
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thing as <a href="#simple">the first example</a>. The first
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half is very similar to the corresponding part above, except for
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some changes, required for backward compatibility and to make the
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<code>mod_rewrite</code> part work properly; the second half
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configures <code>mod_rewrite</code> to do the actual work.</p>
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<p>Because <code>mod_rewrite</code> runs before other URI translation
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modules (e.g., <code>mod_alias</code>), <code>mod_rewrite</code> must
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be told to explicitly ignore any URLs that would have been handled
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by those modules. And, because these rules would otherwise bypass
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any <code>ScriptAlias</code> directives, we must have
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<code>mod_rewrite</code> explicitly enact those mappings.</p>
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<example>
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# get the server name from the Host: header<br />
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UseCanonicalName Off<br />
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<br />
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# splittable logs<br />
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LogFormat "%{Host}i %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon<br />
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CustomLog logs/access_log vcommon<br />
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<br />
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<Directory /www/hosts><br />
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<indent>
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# ExecCGI is needed here because we can't force<br />
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# CGI execution in the way that ScriptAlias does<br />
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Options FollowSymLinks ExecCGI<br />
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</indent>
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</Directory><br />
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<br />
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RewriteEngine On<br />
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<br />
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# a ServerName derived from a Host: header may be any case at all<br />
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RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br />
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<br />
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## deal with normal documents first:<br />
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# allow Alias /icons/ to work - repeat for other aliases<br />
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RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/icons/<br />
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# allow CGIs to work<br />
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RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/<br />
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# do the magic<br />
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RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/docs/$1<br />
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<br />
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## and now deal with CGIs - we have to force a handler<br />
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RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/<br />
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RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/cgi-bin/$1 [H=cgi-script]<br />
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</example>
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</section>
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<section id="xtra-conf"><title>Using a Separate Virtual Host Configuration File</title>
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<p>This arrangement uses more advanced <module>mod_rewrite</module>
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features to work out the translation from virtual host to document
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root, from a separate configuration file. This provides more
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flexibility, but requires more complicated configuration.</p>
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<p>The <code>vhost.map</code> file should look something like
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this:</p>
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<example>
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customer-1.example.com /www/customers/1<br />
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customer-2.example.com /www/customers/2<br />
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# ...<br />
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customer-N.example.com /www/customers/N<br />
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</example>
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<p>The <code>httpd.conf</code> should contain the following:</p>
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<example>
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RewriteEngine on<br />
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<br />
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RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br />
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<br />
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# define the map file<br />
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RewriteMap vhost txt:/www/conf/vhost.map<br />
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<br />
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# deal with aliases as above<br />
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RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/icons/<br />
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RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/<br />
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RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}} ^(.+)$<br />
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# this does the file-based remap<br />
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RewriteCond ${vhost:%1} ^(/.*)$<br />
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RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ %1/docs/$1<br />
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<br />
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RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/<br />
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RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}} ^(.+)$<br />
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RewriteCond ${vhost:%1} ^(/.*)$<br />
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RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ %1/cgi-bin/$1 [H=cgi-script]
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</example>
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</section>
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</manualpage>
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