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dddf03b3cc
PR: 1600 Obtained from: Submitted by: "Daniel S.Lewart" <d-lewart@uiuc.edu> Reviewed by: git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk@79798 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68
513 lines
15 KiB
HTML
513 lines
15 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<html><head>
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<title>VirtualHost Examples</title>
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</head>
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<!-- Background white, links blue (unvisited), navy (visited), red (active) -->
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<BODY
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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TEXT="#000000"
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LINK="#0000FF"
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VLINK="#000080"
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ALINK="#FF0000"
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>
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<!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
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<h1 ALIGN="CENTER">Virtual Host examples for common setups</h1>
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<h2>Base configuration</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><A HREF="#ip">IP-based vhosts only</A>
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<li><A HREF="#name">Name-based vhosts only</A>
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<li><A HREF="#mixed">Mixed name-/IP-based vhosts</A>
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<li><A HREF="#port">Port-based vhosts</A>
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</ul>
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<h2>Additional features</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><A HREF="#default">Using <code>_default_</code> vhosts</A>
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<li><A HREF="#migrate">Migrating a named-based vhost to an IP-based vhost</A>
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<li><A HREF="#serverpath">Using the <code>ServerPath</code> directive</A>
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</ul>
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<HR>
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<h3><A NAME="ip">IP-based vhosts only</A></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><b>Setup 1:</b>
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The server machine has two IP addresses (<samp>111.22.33.44</samp>
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and <samp>111.22.33.55</samp>)
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which resolve to the names <samp>server.domain.tld</samp> and
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<samp>www.otherdomain.tld</samp> respectively.
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The hostname <samp>www.domain.tld</samp> is an alias (CNAME)
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for <samp>server.domain.tld</samp> and will represent the
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main server.
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<p>
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<b>Server configuration:</b>
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<blockquote><pre>
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...
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Port 80
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DocumentRoot /www/domain
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ServerName www.domain.tld
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
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DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain
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ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</pre>
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<samp>www.otherdomain.tld</samp> can only be reached through the
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address <samp>111.22.33.55</samp>, while <samp>www.domain.tld</samp>
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can only be reached through <samp>111.22.33.44</samp>
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(which represents our main server).
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</blockquote>
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<p>
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<li><b>Setup 2:</b>
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Same as setup 1, but we don't want to have a dedicated main server.
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<p>
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<b>Server configuration:</b>
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<blockquote><pre>
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...
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Port 80
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ServerName server.domain.tld
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
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DocumentRoot /www/domain
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ServerName www.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
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DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain
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ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</pre>
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The main server can never catch a request, because all IP addresses
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of our machine are in use for IP-based virtual hosts
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(only <samp>localhost</samp> requests can hit the main server).
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</blockquote>
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<p>
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<li><b>Setup 3:</b>
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The server machine has two IP addresses (<samp>111.22.33.44</samp>
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and <samp>111.22.33.55</samp>)
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which resolve to the names <samp>server.domain.tld</samp> and
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<samp>www-cache.domain.tld</samp> respectively.
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The hostname <samp>www.domain.tld</samp> is an alias (CNAME)
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for <samp>server.domain.tld</samp> and will represent the
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main server.
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<samp>www-cache.domain.tld</samp> will become our proxy-cache
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listening on port 8080, while the web server itself uses the default
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port 80.
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<p>
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<b>Server configuration:</b>
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<blockquote><pre>
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...
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Port 80
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Listen 111.22.33.44:80
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Listen 111.22.33.55:8080
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ServerName server.domain.tld
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44:80>
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DocumentRoot /www/domain
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ServerName www.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.55:8080>
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ServerName www-cache.domain.tld
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...
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<Directory proxy:>
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order deny,allow
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deny from all
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allow from 111.22.33
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</Directory>
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</VirtualHost>
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</pre>
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The main server can never catch a request, because all IP addresses
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(apart from <samp>localhost</samp>) of our machine are in use for IP-based
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virtual hosts. The web server can only be reached on the first address
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through port 80 and the proxy only on the second address through port 8080.
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</blockquote>
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</ul>
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<HR>
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<h3><A NAME="name">Name-based vhosts only</A></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><b>Setup 1:</b>
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The server machine has one IP address (<samp>111.22.33.44</samp>)
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which resolves to the name <samp>server.domain.tld</samp>.
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There are two aliases (CNAMEs) <samp>www.domain.tld</samp> and
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<samp>www.sub.domain.tld</samp> for the address <samp>111.22.33.44</samp>.
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<p>
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<b>Server configuration:</b>
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<blockquote><pre>
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...
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Port 80
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ServerName server.domain.tld
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NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
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DocumentRoot /www/domain
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ServerName www.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
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DocumentRoot /www/subdomain
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ServerName www.sub.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</pre>
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Apart from <samp>localhost</samp> there are no unspecified
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addresses/ports, therefore the main server only serves
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<samp>localhost</samp> requests. Due to the fact
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that <samp>www.domain.tld</samp> has the highest priority
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it can be seen as the <cite>default</cite> or
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<cite>primary</cite> server.
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</blockquote>
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<p>
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<li><b>Setup 2:</b>
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The server machine has two IP addresses (<samp>111.22.33.44</samp>
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and <samp>111.22.33.55</samp>)
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which resolve to the names <samp>server1.domain.tld</samp> and
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<samp>server2.domain.tld</samp> respectively.
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The alias <samp>www.domain.tld</samp> should be used for the
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main server which should also catch any unspecified addresses.
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We want to use a virtual host for the alias
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<samp>www.otherdomain.tld</samp> and one virtual host should
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catch any request to hostnames of the form
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<samp>*.sub.domain.tld</samp> with <samp>www.sub.domain.tld</samp>
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as its server name. The address <samp>111.22.33.55</samp> should be
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used for the virtual hosts.
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<p>
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<b>Server configuration:</b>
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<blockquote><pre>
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...
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Port 80
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ServerName www.domain.tld
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DocumentRoot /www/domain
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NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.55
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
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DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain
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ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
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DocumentRoot /www/subdomain
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ServerName www.sub.domain.tld
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ServerAlias *.sub.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</pre>
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Any request to an address other than <samp>111.22.33.55</samp>
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will be served from the main server. A request to
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<samp>111.22.33.55</samp> with an unknown or no <code>Host:</code>
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header will be served from <samp>www.otherdomain.tld</samp>.
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</blockquote>
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</ul>
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<HR>
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<h3><A NAME="mixed">Mixed name-/IP-based vhosts</A></h3>
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<Ul>
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<li><b>Setup:</b>
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The server machine has three IP addresses (<samp>111.22.33.44</samp>,
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<samp>111.22.33.55</samp> and <samp>111.22.33.66</samp>)
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which resolve to the names <samp>server.domain.tld</samp>,
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<samp>www.otherdomain1.tld</samp> and <samp>www.otherdomain2.tld</samp>
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respectively.
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The address <samp>111.22.33.44</samp> should we used for a couple
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of name-based vhosts and the other addresses for IP-based vhosts.
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<p>
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<b>Server configuration:</b>
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<blockquote><pre>
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...
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Port 80
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ServerName server.domain.tld
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NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
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DocumentRoot /www/domain
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ServerName www.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
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DocumentRoot /www/subdomain1
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ServerName www.sub1.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
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DocumentRoot /www/subdomain2
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ServerName www.sub2.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
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DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain1
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ServerName www.otherdomain1.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.66>
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DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain2
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ServerName www.otherdomain2.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</pre></blockquote>
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</ul>
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<HR>
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<h3><A NAME="port">Port-based vhosts</A></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><b>Setup:</b>
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The server machine has one IP address (<samp>111.22.33.44</samp>)
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which resolves to the name <samp>www.domain.tld</samp>.
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If we don't have the option to get another address or alias
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for our server we can use port-based vhosts if we need
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a virtual host with a different configuration.
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<p>
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<b>Server configuration:</b>
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<blockquote><pre>
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...
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Listen 80
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Listen 8080
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ServerName www.domain.tld
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DocumentRoot /www/domain
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44:8080>
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DocumentRoot /www/domain2
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</pre>
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A request to <samp>www.domain.tld</samp> on port 80 is served
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from the main server and a request to port 8080 is served from
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the virtual host.
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</blockquote>
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</ul>
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<HR>
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<h3><A NAME="default">Using <code>_default_</code> vhosts</A></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><b>Setup 1:</b>
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Catching <em>every</em> request to any unspecified IP address and port,
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i.e. an address/port combination that is not used for any other
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virtual host.
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<p>
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<b>Server configuration:</b>
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<blockquote><pre>
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...
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<VirtualHost _default_:*>
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DocumentRoot /www/default
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</pre>
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Using such a default vhost with a wildcard port effectively
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prevents any request going to the main server.<br>
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A default vhost never serves a request that was sent to an
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address/port that is used for name-based vhosts. If the request
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contained an unknown or no <code>Host:</code> header it is
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always served from the primary name-based vhost (the
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vhost for that address/port appearing first in the configuration
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file).<br>
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You can use
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<A HREF="../mod/mod_alias.html#aliasmatch"><code>AliasMatch</code></A>
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or
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<A HREF="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteRule"><code>RewriteRule</code></A>
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to rewrite any request to a single information page (or script).
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</blockquote>
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<p>
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<li><b>Setup 2:</b>
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Same as setup 1, but the server listens on several ports and
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we want to use a second <code>_default_</code> vhost for port 80.
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<p>
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<b>Server configuration:</b>
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<blockquote><pre>
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...
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<VirtualHost _default_:80>
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DocumentRoot /www/default80
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost _default_:*>
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DocumentRoot /www/default
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</pre>
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The default vhost for port 80 (which <em>must</em> appear before
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any default vhost with a wildcard port) catches all requests that
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were sent to an unspecified IP address. The main server is
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never used to serve a request.
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</blockquote>
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<p>
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<li><b>Setup 3:</b>
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We want to have a default vhost for port 80, but no other default vhosts.
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<p>
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<b>Server configuration:</b>
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<blockquote><pre>
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...
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<VirtualHost _default_:80>
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DocumentRoot /www/default
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</pre>
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A request to an unspecified address on port 80 is served from the
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default vhost any other request to an unspecified address and port
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is served from the main server.
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</blockquote>
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</ul>
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<HR>
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<h3><A NAME="migrate">Migrating a name-based vhost to an IP-based vhost</A></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><b>Setup:</b>
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The name-based vhost with the hostname
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<samp>www.otherdomain.tld</samp> (from our <a href="#name">name-based</A>
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example, setup 2) should get its own IP address.
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To avoid problems with name servers or proxies who cached the old
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IP address for the name-based vhost we want to provide both variants
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during a migration phase.<br>
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The solution is easy, because we can simply add the new IP address
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(<samp>111.22.33.66</samp>) to the <code>VirtualHost</code> directive.
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<p>
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<b>Server configuration:</b>
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<blockquote><pre>
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...
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Port 80
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ServerName www.domain.tld
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DocumentRoot /www/domain
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NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.55
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.55 111.22.33.66>
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DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain
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ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
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DocumentRoot /www/subdomain
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ServerName www.sub.domain.tld
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ServerAlias *.sub.domain.tld
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</pre>
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The vhost can now be accessed through the new address (as an IP-based
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vhost) and through the old address (as a name-based vhost).
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</blockquote>
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</ul>
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<HR>
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<h3><A NAME="serverpath">Using the <code>ServerPath</code> directive</A></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><b>Setup:</b>
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We have a server with two name-based vhosts. In order to match the correct
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virtual host a client must send the correct <code>Host:</code> header.
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Old HTTP/1.0 clients do not send such a header and Apache has no clue
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what vhost the client tried to reach (and serves the request from
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the primary vhost). To provide as much backward compatibility
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as possible we create a primary vhost which returns a single page
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containing links with an URL prefix to the name-based virtual hosts.
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<p>
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<b>Server configuration:</b>
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<blockquote><pre>
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...
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NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
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# primary vhost
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DocumentRoot /www/subdomain
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RewriteEngine On
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RewriteRule ^/.* /www/subdomain/index.html
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
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DocumentRoot /www/subdomain/sub1
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ServerName www.sub1.domain.tld
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ServerPath /sub1/
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RewriteEngine On
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RewriteRule ^(/sub1/.*) /www/subdomain$1
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
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DocumentRoot /www/subdomain/sub2
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ServerName www.sub2.domain.tld
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ServerPath /sub2/
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RewriteEngine On
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RewriteRule ^(/sub2/.*) /www/subdomain$1
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...
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</VirtualHost>
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</pre>
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Due to the <A HREF="../mod/core.html#serverpath"><code>ServerPath</code></A>
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directive a request to the
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URL <samp>http://www.sub1.domain.tld/sub1/</samp> is <em>always</em>
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served from the sub1-vhost. <br>
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A request to the URL <samp>http://www.sub1.domain.tld/</samp>
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is only served from the sub1-vhost if the client sent a correct
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<code>Host:</code> header.
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If no <code>Host:</code> header is sent the client gets the
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information page from the primary host.<br>
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Please note that there is one oddity: A request to
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<samp>http://www.sub2.domain.tld/sub1/</samp> is also served from
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the sub1-vhost if the client sent no <code>Host:</code> header. <br>
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The <code>RewriteRule</code> directives are used to make sure that
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a client which sent a correct <code>Host:</code> header can use
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both URL variants, i.e. with or without URL prefix.
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</blockquote>
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</ul>
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<!--#include virtual="footer.html" -->
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</BODY>
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</HTML>
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