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406 lines
23 KiB
XML
406 lines
23 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!--
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XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
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XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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-->
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<title>Overview of new features in Apache HTTP Server 2.4 - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
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<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
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<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" />
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<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.js" type="text/javascript">
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</script>
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<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
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<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
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<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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<img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
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<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
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<div id="path">
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Overview of new features in Apache HTTP Server 2.4</h1>
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<div class="toplang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/new_features_2_4.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<a href="./fr/new_features_2_4.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran<61>ais"> fr </a> |
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<a href="./tr/new_features_2_4.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="T<>rk<72>e"> tr </a></p>
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</div>
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<p>This document describes some of the major changes between the
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2.2 and 2.4 versions of the Apache HTTP Server. For new features since
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version 2.0, see the <a href="new_features_2_2.html">2.2 new features</a>
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document.</p>
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</div>
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<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#core">Core Enhancements</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#newmods">New Modules</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#module">Module Enhancements</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#programs">Program Enhancements</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#documentation">Documentation</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#developer">Module Developer Changes</a></li>
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</ul></div>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="core" id="core">Core Enhancements</a></h2>
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<dl>
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<dt>Loadable MPMs</dt>
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<dd>Multiple MPMs can now be built as loadable modules at compile time.
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The MPM of choice can be configured at run time.</dd>
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<dt>Event MPM</dt>
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<dd>The Event MPM is no longer experimental but is now fully supported.</dd>
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<dt>Asynchronous support</dt>
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<dd>Better support for asynchronous read/write for supporting MPMs and
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platforms.</dd>
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<dt>Per-module and per-directory LogLevel configuration</dt>
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<dd>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#loglevel">LogLevel</a></code> can now be
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||
configured per module and per directory. New levels <code>trace1</code>
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to <code>trace8</code> have been added above the <code>debug</code> log
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level.</dd>
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<dt>Per-request configuration sections</dt>
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<dd><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code>,
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<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#elseif"><ElseIf></a></code>,
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and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#else"><Else></a></code>
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sections can be used to set the configuration based on per-request
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criteria.</dd>
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<dt>General-purpose expression parser</dt>
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<dd>A new expression parser allows to specify
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<a href="expr.html">complex conditions</a> using a common syntax
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in directives like
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<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvifexpr">SetEnvIfExpr</a></code>,
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<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code>,
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<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html#header">Header</a></code>,
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<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code>,
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and others.
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</dd>
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<dt>KeepAliveTimeout in milliseconds</dt>
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<dd>It is now possible to specify <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#keepalivetimeout">KeepAliveTimeout</a></code> in milliseconds.
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</dd>
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<dt>NameVirtualHost directive</dt>
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<dd>No longer needed and is now deprecated.</dd>
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<dt>Override Configuration</dt>
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<dd>The new <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#allowoverridelist">AllowOverrideList</a></code>
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directive allows more fine grained control which directives are
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allowed in <code>.htaccess</code> files. </dd>
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<dt>Config file variables</dt>
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<dd>It is now possible to <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#define">Define</a></code>
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||
variables in the configuration, allowing a clearer representation
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if the same value is used at many places in the configuration.
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</dd>
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<dt>Reduced memory usage</dt>
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<dd>Despite many new features, 2.4.x tends to use less memory than
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2.2.x.</dd>
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</dl>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="newmods" id="newmods">New Modules</a></h2>
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<dl>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_fcgi.html">mod_proxy_fcgi</a></code></dt>
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<dd>FastCGI Protocol backend for <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></dd>
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||
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_scgi.html">mod_proxy_scgi</a></code></dt>
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<dd>SCGI Protocol backend for <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_express.html">mod_proxy_express</a></code></dt>
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<dd>Provides dynamically configured mass reverse proxies for
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<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_remoteip.html">mod_remoteip</a></code></dt>
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<dd>Replaces the apparent client remote IP address and hostname for the request
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with the IP address list presented by a proxies or a load balancer via
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the request headers.</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_heartmonitor.html">mod_heartmonitor</a></code>,
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<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_lbmethod_heartbeat.html">mod_lbmethod_heartbeat</a></code></dt>
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<dd>Allow <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html">mod_proxy_balancer</a></code> to base loadbalancing decisions
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on the number of active connections on the backend servers.</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_html.html">mod_proxy_html</a></code></dt>
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<dd>Formerly a third-party module, this supports fixing of HTML
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links in a reverse proxy situation, where the backend generates
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URLs that are not valid for the proxy's clients.</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_sed.html">mod_sed</a></code></dt>
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<dd>An advanced replacement of <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_substitute.html">mod_substitute</a></code>, allows
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to edit the response body with the full power of sed.</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_auth_form.html">mod_auth_form</a></code></dt>
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||
<dd>Allows to do form-based authentication.</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code></dt>
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<dd>Allows to keep session state for clients, using cookie or
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database storage.</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_allowmethods.html">mod_allowmethods</a></code></dt>
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<dd>New module to restrict certain HTTP methods without interfering with
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authentication or authorization.</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_lua.html">mod_lua</a></code></dt>
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<dd>Embeds the <a href="http://www.lua.org/">Lua</a> language into httpd,
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for configuration and small business logic functions. (Experimental)</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_log_debug.html">mod_log_debug</a></code></dt>
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<dd>Allows to add customizable debug logging at different phases of the
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request processing.</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_buffer.html">mod_buffer</a></code></dt>
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<dd>Provides for buffering the input and output filter stacks</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_data.html">mod_data</a></code></dt>
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<dd>Convert response body into an RFC2397 data URL</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ratelimit.html">mod_ratelimit</a></code></dt>
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<dd>Provides Bandwidth Rate Limiting for Clients</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_request.html">mod_request</a></code></dt>
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<dd>Provides Filters to handle and make available HTTP request bodies</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_reflector.html">mod_reflector</a></code></dt>
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<dd>Provides Reflection of a request body as a response via the output filter stack.</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_slotmem_shm.html">mod_slotmem_shm</a></code></dt>
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<dd>Provides a Slot-based shared memory provider (ala the scoreboard).</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_xml2enc.html">mod_xml2enc</a></code></dt>
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<dd>Formerly a third-party module, this supports internationalisation
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in libxml2-based (markup-aware) filter modules.</dd>
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</dl>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="module" id="module">Module Enhancements</a></h2>
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||
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||
<dl>
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||
<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code></dt>
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<dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> can now be configured to use an
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OCSP server to check the validation status of a client
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certificate. The default responder is configurable, along with
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the decision on whether to prefer the responder designated in
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the client certificate itself.</dd>
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||
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<dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> now also supports OCSP stapling, where the
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server pro-actively obtains an OCSP verification of its certificate and
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transmits that to the client during the handshake. </dd>
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||
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<dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> can now be configured to share SSL Session
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data between servers through memcached</dd>
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||
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<dd>EC keys are now supported in addition to RSA and DSA.</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></dt>
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||
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||
<dd>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> directive
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is now most optimally configured within a
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<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location">Location</a></code> or
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||
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch">LocationMatch</a></code>
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||
block, and offers a significant performance advantage over the traditional
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||
two-parameter syntax when present in large numbers.</dd>
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||
<dd>The source address used for proxy requests is now configurable.</dd>
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||
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||
<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html">mod_proxy_balancer</a></code></dt>
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||
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||
<dd>More runtime configuration changes for BalancerMembers via balancer-manager</dd>
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||
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<dd>Additional BalancerMembers can be added at runtime via balancer-manager</dd>
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<dd>Runtime configuration of a subset of Balancer parameters</dd>
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||
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<dd>BalancerMembers can be set to 'Drain' so that they only respond to existing sticky
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sessions, allowing them to be taken gracefully offline.</dd>
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<dd>Balancer settings can be persistent after restarts.</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code></dt>
|
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<dd>The <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> CACHE filter can be optionally inserted
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at a given point in the filter chain to provide fine control over caching.
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</dd>
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<dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> can now cache HEAD requests.</dd>
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<dd>Where possible, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> directives can now be set
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per directory, instead of per server.</dd>
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<dd>The base URL of cached URLs can be customised, so that a cluster of
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caches can share the same endpoint URL prefix.</dd>
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<dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> is now capable of serving stale cached
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data when a backend is unavailable (error 5xx).</dd>
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<dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> can now insert HIT/MISS/REVALIDATE into
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an X-Cache header.</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code></dt>
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<dd>Support for the 'onerror' attribute within an 'include' element,
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allowing an error document to be served on error instead of the default
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||
error string.</dd>
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||
<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code>,
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<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_isapi.html">mod_isapi</a></code>, ...</dt>
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<dd>Translation of headers to environment variables is more strict than
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before to mitigate some possible cross-site-scripting attacks via header
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injection. Headers containing invalid characters (including underscores)
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are now silently dropped. <a href="env.html">Environment Variables
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in Apache</a> has some pointers on how to work around broken legacy
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clients which require such headers. (This affects all modules which
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use these environment variables.)</dd>
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<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code> Authorization Logic Containers</dt>
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<dd>Advanced authorization logic may now be specified using the
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<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code> directive
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and the related container directives, such as
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<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireall"><RequireAll></a></code>.</dd>
|
||
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||
<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></dt>
|
||
<dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> adds the <code>[QSD]</code>
|
||
(Query String Discard) and <code>[END]</code> flags for
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||
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> to
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||
simplify common rewriting scenarios.</dd>
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||
<dd>Adds the possibility to use complex boolean expressions in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code>.</dd>
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<dd>Allows to use SQL queries as <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></code> functions.</dd>
|
||
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||
<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code></dt>
|
||
<dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> adds support for nested groups.</dd>
|
||
<dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> adds
|
||
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_ldap.html#ldapconnectionpoolttl">LDAPConnectionPoolTTL</a></code>,
|
||
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_ldap.html#ldaptimeout">LDAPTimeout</a></code>, and
|
||
other improvements in the handling of timeouts.
|
||
This is especially useful for setups where a
|
||
stateful firewall drops idle connections to the LDAP server.</dd>
|
||
<dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> adds
|
||
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_ldap.html#ldaplibrarydebug">LDAPLibraryDebug</a></code> to log
|
||
debug information provided by the used LDAP toolkit.</dd>
|
||
|
||
<dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code></dt>
|
||
<dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code> can now dump the pre-parsed configuration
|
||
to stdout during server startup.</dd>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</dl>
|
||
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
|
||
<div class="section">
|
||
<h2><a name="programs" id="programs">Program Enhancements</a></h2>
|
||
|
||
<dl>
|
||
<dt>fcgistarter</dt>
|
||
<dd>New FastCGI deamon starter utility</dd>
|
||
|
||
<dt>htcacheclean</dt>
|
||
<dd>Current cached URLs can now be listed, with optional metadata
|
||
included.</dd>
|
||
<dd>Allow explicit deletion of individual cached URLs from the
|
||
cache.</dd>
|
||
<dd>File sizes can now be rounded up to the given block size, making
|
||
the size limits map more closely to the real size on disk.</dd>
|
||
<dd>Cache size can now be limited by the number of inodes, instead
|
||
of or in addition to being limited by the size of the files on
|
||
disk.</dd>
|
||
|
||
<dt>rotatelogs</dt>
|
||
<dd>May now create a link to the current log file.</dd>
|
||
<dd>May now invoke a custom post-rotate script.</dd>
|
||
</dl>
|
||
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
|
||
<div class="section">
|
||
<h2><a name="documentation" id="documentation">Documentation</a></h2>
|
||
|
||
<dl>
|
||
<dt>mod_rewrite</dt>
|
||
<dd>The <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> documentation has been
|
||
rearranged and almost completely rewritten, with a focus on
|
||
examples and common usage, as well as on showing you when other
|
||
solutions are more appropriate. The <a href="rewrite/">Rewrite
|
||
Guide</a> is now a top-level section with much more detail and
|
||
better organization.</dd>
|
||
|
||
<dt>mod_ssl</dt>
|
||
<dd>The <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> documentation has been greatly
|
||
enhanced, with more examples at the getting started level, in
|
||
addition to the previous focus on technical details.</dd>
|
||
|
||
<dt>Caching Guide</dt>
|
||
<dd>The <a href="caching.html">Caching Guide</a> has been rewritten
|
||
to properly distinguish between the RFC2616 HTTP/1.1 caching
|
||
features provided by <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code>, and the generic
|
||
key/value caching provided by the <a href="socache.html">socache</a>
|
||
interface, as well as to cover specialised caching provided by
|
||
mechanisms such as <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_file_cache.html">mod_file_cache</a></code>.</dd>
|
||
|
||
</dl>
|
||
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
|
||
<div class="section">
|
||
<h2><a name="developer" id="developer">Module Developer Changes</a></h2>
|
||
|
||
<dl>
|
||
<dt>Check Configuration Hook Added</dt>
|
||
|
||
<dd>A new hook, <code>check_config</code>, has been added which runs
|
||
between the <code>pre_config</code> and <code>open_logs</code>
|
||
hooks. It also runs before the <code>test_config</code> hook
|
||
when the <code>-t</code> option is passed to
|
||
<code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>. The <code>check_config</code> hook
|
||
allows modules to review interdependent configuration directive
|
||
values and adjust them while messages can still be logged to the
|
||
console. The user can thus be alerted to misconfiguration problems
|
||
before the core <code>open_logs</code> hook function redirects
|
||
console output to the error log.</dd>
|
||
|
||
<dt>Expression Parser Added</dt>
|
||
|
||
<dd>We now have a general-purpose expression parser, whose API is
|
||
exposed in <var>ap_expr.h</var>. This is adapted from the
|
||
expression parser previously implemented in
|
||
<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code>.</dd>
|
||
|
||
<dt>Authorization Logic Containers</dt>
|
||
|
||
<dd>Authorization modules now register as a provider, via
|
||
ap_register_auth_provider(), to support advanced authorization logic,
|
||
such as <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireall"><RequireAll></a></code>.</dd>
|
||
|
||
<dt>Small-Object Caching Interface</dt>
|
||
|
||
<dd>The <var>ap_socache.h</var> header exposes a provider-based
|
||
interface for caching small data objects, based on the previous
|
||
implementation of the <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> session cache.
|
||
Providers using a shared-memory cyclic buffer, disk-based dbm
|
||
files, and a memcache distributed cache are currently
|
||
supported.</dd>
|
||
|
||
<dt>Cache Status Hook Added</dt>
|
||
|
||
<dd>The <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> module now includes a new
|
||
<code>cache_status</code> hook, which is called when the caching
|
||
decision becomes known. A default implementation is provided
|
||
which adds an optional <code>X-Cache</code> and
|
||
<code>X-Cache-Detail</code> header to the response.</dd>
|
||
</dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>The developer documentation contains a
|
||
<a href="developer/new_api_2_4.html">detailed list of API changes</a>.</p>
|
||
</div></div>
|
||
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|
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/new_features_2_4.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<p class="apache">Copyright 2012 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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