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A little more cleanup of win_service and windows .html docs.

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Covered the Log On As... option just a little better, with some hints.

  Dire warnings about Win95/98 at the end of the services section.

  Roll back Win95/98 services directives, and just point out differences.

  Get rid of the silly word 'signalling' - which means squat to your
  typical Win32 user!

  Anything else anyone can think of to cover?

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git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk@85507 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68
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William A. Rowe Jr
2000-06-10 19:19:34 +00:00
parent a2bf1b4753
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docs/manual/platform/win_service.html
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@ -4,93 +4,116 @@
<TITLE>Running Apache for Windows as a Service</TITLE> <TITLE>Running Apache for Windows as a Service</TITLE>
</HEAD> </HEAD>
<!-- Background white, links blue (unvisited), navy (visited), red (active) -->
<BODY
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
TEXT="#000000"
LINK="#0000FF"
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<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Running Apache for Windows as a Service</H1> <H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Running Apache for Windows as a Service</H1>
<P>Running Apache as a service should only be done once you have successfully run <P>Apache can be run as a service on Windows NT/2000. (There is also some
it as a console application. See <A HREF="windows.html">Using Apache with Microsoft Windows</A> HIGHLY EXPERIMENTAL support for similar behavior on
before you attempt to run it as a service. <a href="#win95svc">Windows 95/98</a>, introduced with Apache 1.3.13).</P>
</P>
<P>Apache can be run as a service on Win NT/2000. (There is also some HIGHLY EXPERIMENTAL <P>Installing Apache as a service should only be done once you can
support for a similar effect on <a href="#win95svc">Win95/98</a>). successfully run it in a console window. See
</P> <A HREF="windows.html">Using Apache with Microsoft Windows</A>
before you attempt to install or run Apache as a service. Changes to the
httpd.conf file should always be followed by starting Apache as a console
window. If this succeeds, the service should succeed.</P>
<P><STRONG>NOTE: Prior to version 1.3.13, the configuration was <EM>not
tested</EM> prior to performing the installation</STRONG>, and a lack of
service dependencies often caused the console window to succeed, but the
service would still fail. See <A HREF="#service">below</A> if you are
having problems running a version of Apache prior to 1.3.13 to resolve the
issue. If you have this problem with version 1.3.13 or greater, first try
uninstalling (-u) and re-installing (-i) the Apache service.</P>
<HR>
<P>To start Apache as a service, you first need to install it as a <P>To start Apache as a service, you first need to install it as a
service. Multiple Apache services can be installed, each with a service. Multiple Apache services can be installed, each with a
different name and configuration. To install the default Apache different name and configuration. To install the default Apache
service named "Apache", run the "Install Apache as Service (NT only)" service named "Apache", run the "Install Apache as Service (NT only)"
option from the Start menu. Once this is done you can start the "Apache" option from the Start menu. Once this is done you can start the "Apache"
service by opening the Services window (in the Control Panel), selecting Apache, service by opening the Services window (in the Control Panel), selecting
then clicking on Start. Apache will now be running in the background. You Apache, then clicking on Start. Apache will now be running, hidden in the
can later stop Apache by clicking on Stop. As an alternative to using background. You can later stop Apache by clicking on Stop. As an
the Services window, you can start and stop the "Apache" service from the control alternative to using the Services window, you can start and stop the
line with "Apache" service from the command line with</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
NET START APACHE NET START APACHE
NET STOP APACHE NET STOP APACHE
</PRE> </PRE>
See <A HREF="#signalsrv">Signalling Service Apache when Running</A> <P>See <A HREF="#signal">Controlling Apache as a Service</A>
for more information on installing and controlling Apache services. for more information on installing and controlling Apache services.</P>
<P><STRONG>Apache, unlike many other Windows NT/2000 services, logs any <P><STRONG>Apache, unlike many other Windows NT/2000 services, logs any
errors to it's own error.log file in the logs folder within the errors to it's own error.log file in the logs folder within the
Apache server root folder. You will <EM>not</EM> find Apache error Apache server root folder. You will <EM>not</EM> find Apache error
details in the Windows NT Event Log.</STRONG></P> details in the Windows NT Event Log.</STRONG></P>
<P> <P>After starting Apache as a service (or if you have trouble starting it)
you can test it using the same <A HREF="windows.html#test">procedure</a>
as for running in a console window. Remember to use the command:</P>
After starting Apache as a service (or if you have trouble starting it) you can test it <PRE>
using the same <A HREF="windows.html#test">procedure</a> as for running in a console window. apache -n "service name"
</PRE>
<P>to assure you are using the service's configuration.</P>
<H2><A NAME="service">Running Apache for Windows as a Service</A></H2> <H2><A NAME="service">Running Apache for Windows as a Service</A></H2>
<STRONG>Note: The -n option to specify a service name is only available
with Apache 1.3.7 and later. Earlier versions of Apache only support
the default service name 'Apache'.</STRONG>
<P> <P><STRONG>Note: The -n option to specify a service name is only available
with Apache 1.3.7 and later.</STRONG> Earlier versions of Apache only
support the default service name 'Apache'.</P>
You can install Apache as a Windows NT service as follows: <P>You can install Apache as a Windows NT service as follows:</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
apache -i -n "service name" apache -i -n "service name"
</PRE> </PRE>
To install a service to use a particular configuration, specify the <P>To install a service to use a particular configuration, specify the
configuration file when the service is installed: configuration file when the service is installed:</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
apache -i -n "service name" -f "\my server\conf\my.conf" apache -i -n "service name" -f "\my server\conf\my.conf"
</PRE> </PRE>
To remove an Apache service, use <P>To remove an Apache service, use:</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
apache -u -n "service name" apache -u -n "service name"
</PRE> </PRE>
The default "service name", if one is not specified, is "Apache". <P>The default "service name", if one is not specified, is "Apache".</P>
<P> <P>Once a service is installed, you can use the <SAMP>-n</SAMP> option, in
conjunction with other options, to refer to a service's configuration file.
For example:</P>
Once a service is installed, you can use the <SAMP>-n</SAMP> option, in conjunction <P>To test a service's configuration file:</P>
with other options, to refer to a service's configuration file. For example:<br>
To test a service's configuration file:
<PRE> <PRE>
apache -n "service name" -t apache -n "service name" -t
</PRE> </PRE>
To start a console Apache using a service's configuration file: <P>To start a console Apache using a service's configuration file:</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
apache -n "service name" apache -n "service name"
</PRE> </PRE>
<P><STRONG>Important Note on service dependencies:</STRONG></P> <H2><A NAME="depends">Important Note on service dependencies:</A></H2>
<P>Prior to Apache release 1.3.13, the dependencies required to <P>Prior to Apache release 1.3.13, the dependencies required to
successfully start an installed service were not configured. successfully start an installed service were not configured.
@ -128,31 +151,71 @@ To start a console Apache using a service's configuration file:
exists, and add the Rpcss entry to the list.</P> exists, and add the Rpcss entry to the list.</P>
<P><STRONG>Note on default "System account" (LocalSystem) that Apache will run under.</STRONG></P> <H2>User Account for Apache Service to Run As (NT/2000)</H2>
When Apache is installed as a service e.g. with the apache -i command, it will run <P>When Apache is first installed as a service (e.g. with the -i option)
as "System Account" (LocalSystem) user. it will run as user "System" (the LocalSystem account). There should
<PRE> be few issues if all resources for the web server reside on the local
docs say: system, but it has broad security privilages to affect the local machine!</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
LocalSystem is a very privileged account locally, so LocalSystem is a very privileged account locally, so
you shouldn't run any shareware applications there. you shouldn't run any shareware applications there.
However, it has no network privileges and cannot leave However, it has no network privileges and cannot leave
the machine via any NT-secured mechanism, including the machine via any NT-secured mechanism, including
file system, named pipes, DCOM, or secure RPC. file system, named pipes, DCOM, or secure RPC.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
and: <P><STRONG>NEVER grant network privilages to the SYSTEM account!</STRONG>
Create a new user account instead, grant the appropriate privilages to
that user, and use the the 'Log On As:' option. Select the Start Menu ->
Settings -> Control Panel -> Services -> apache service ... and click
the "Startup" button to access this setting.</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
A service that runs in the context of the LocalSystem account A service that runs in the context of the LocalSystem account
inherits the security context of the SCM. It is not inherits the security context of the SCM. It is not associated with
associated with any logged-on user account and does not have any logged-on user account and does not have credentials (domain name,
credentials (domain name, user name, and password) to be used user name, and password) to be used for verification.
for verification. This has several implications: [... removed ...] </BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>The SYSTEM account has no privilages to the network, so shared pages or
a shared installation of Apache is invisible to the service. If you intend
to use <EM>any</EM> network resources, the following steps should help:</P>
<UL>
<LI>Select Apache from the Control Panel's Service dialog and click Startup.
<LI>Verify that the service account is correct. You may wish to create an
account for your Apache services.
<LI>Retype the password and password confirmation.
<LI>Go to User Manager for Domains.
<LI>Click on Policies from the title bar menu, and select User Rights.
<LI>Select the option for Advanced User Rights.
<LI>In the drop-down list, verify that the following rights have been
granted to the selected account:
<UL>
<LI>Act as part of the operating system
<LI>Back up files and directories
<LI>Log on as a service
<LI>Restore files and directories
</UL>
<LI>Confirm that the selected account is a member of the Users group.
<LI>Confirm the selected account has access to all document and script
directories (minimally read and browse access).
<LI>Confirm the selected account has read/write/delete access to the Apache
logs directory!
</UL>
<P>If you allow the account to log in as a user, then you can log in yourself
and test that the account has the privilages to execute the scripts, read
the web pages, and that you can start Apache in a console window. If this
works, and you have followed the steps above, Apache should execute as
a service with no problems.</P>
<P><STRONG>Note: error code 2186</STRONG> is a good indication that you need
to review the 'Log On As' configuration, since the server can't access a
required network resource.</STRONG></P>
That _really_ sucks. Can we recommend running Apache as some
other user?
<i>Recommendations to be added...</i>
</PRE>
<H2><A NAME="trouble">Troubleshooting Apache for Windows as a Service</A></H2> <H2><A NAME="trouble">Troubleshooting Apache for Windows as a Service</A></H2>
@ -168,36 +231,17 @@ To start a console Apache using a service's configuration file:
for <a href="windows.html#test">Testing Apache at the Command Prompt</a>. for <a href="windows.html#test">Testing Apache at the Command Prompt</a>.
</P> </P>
<P><STRONG>Note on error code 2186.</STRONG>
</P>
<P>If you encounter error 2186 when trying to start Apache, the following workaround may help;
</P>
<PRE>
Select the service in Control Panel and click Startup.
Verify that the service account is correct.
Retype the password and password confirmation.
Go to User Manager for Domains.
Click on Policies from the title bar menu, and select User Rights.
Select the option for Advanced User Rights.
In the drop-down list, verify that the following rights have been
granted to the service account:
Act as part of the operating system
Back up files and directories
Log on as a service
Restore files and directories
</PRE>
<H2><A NAME="cmdline">Running Apache for Windows from the Command Line</A></H2> <H2><A NAME="cmdline">Running Apache for Windows from the Command Line</A></H2>
For details on controlling Apache service from the command line, please refer to For details on controlling Apache service from the command line, please refer to
<a href="windows.html#cmdline">console command line</a> section. <a href="windows.html#cmdline">console command line</a> section.
<H2><A NAME="signalsrv">Signalling Service Apache when running</A></H2> <H2><A NAME="signal">Controlling Apache as a Service</A></H2>
On Windows NT, multiple instances of Apache can be run as services. <P>Multiple instances of Apache can be installed and run as services. Signal
Signal an Apache service to start, restart, or shutdown/stop as follows: an installed Apache service to start, restart, or shutdown/stop
as follows:</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
apache -n "service name" -k start apache -n "service name" -k start
@ -206,69 +250,69 @@ Signal an Apache service to start, restart, or shutdown/stop as follows:
apache -n "service name" -k stop apache -n "service name" -k stop
</PRE> </PRE>
(Note; shutdown and stop are identical actions). <P>For the default "Apache" service, the -n Apache option is still required,
In addition, you can use the native NT NET command to since the -k commands without the -n option are directed at Apache running
start and stop Apache services as follows: in a console window. The quotes are only required if the service name
contains spaces.</P>
<P><STRONG>Note: the -k stop alias for the -k shutdown command was introduced
in Apache version 1.3.13.</STRONG> Earlier versions of Apache will only
recognize the -k shutdown option. Prior to 1.3.3, Apache did not recognize
<EM>any</EM> -k options at all!</P>
<P>In addition, you can use the native NT NET command to
start and stop Apache services as follows:</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
NET START "service name" NET START "service name"
NET STOP "service name" NET STOP "service name"
</PRE> </PRE>
<P>Again, quotes are only required if the service name contains spaces.</P>
<H2><A NAME="win95svc">HIGHLY EXPERIMENTAL Windows 95/98 Service</A></H2> <H2><A NAME="win95svc">HIGHLY EXPERIMENTAL Windows 95/98 Service</A></H2>
There is some support for Apache on Windows 95/98 to behave in a similar <P><STRONG>Note: The service options for Windows 95 and 98 are only available
manner as a service on NT/2000. This is HIGHLY EXPERIMENTAL, with Apache 1.3.13 and later.</STRONG> Earlier versions of Apache only
if it works (at all) the Apache Group can not attest to it's reliability supported Apache in a console window for Windows 95/98.</P>
or future support of the feature. Use at your own risk!
<P>There is some support for Apache on Windows 95/98 to behave in a similar
manner as a service on Windows NT/2000. It is <EM>highly experimental</EM>,
if it works (at all) the Apache Sofware Foundation will not attest to it's
reliability or future support. Proceed at your own risk!</P>
<P>Once you have confirmed that Apache runs correctly at the <P>Once you have confirmed that Apache runs correctly at the
<a href="windows.html#test">Command Prompt</a> you can install it as a <a href="windows.html#test">Command Prompt</a> you can install, control
service with the command; and uninstall it with the same commands as the Windows NT/2000 version.</P>
</P>
<P>There are, however, significant differences that you should note:</P>
<P>Apache will attempt to start and if successful it will run in the
background. If you run the command
<PRE> <PRE>
apache -i Apache -n "service name" -k start
</PRE> </PRE>
<P>You can run Apache as a Windows 95/98 service as follows: via a shortcut on your desktop, for example, then if the service starts
</P> successfully a console window will flash up but immediately disappears.
If Apache detects any errors on startup such as a incorrect entries in the
httpd.conf file, then the console window will remain visible. This will
display an error message which will be useful in tracking down the cause of
the problem.</P>
<PRE> <P>Windows 95/98 does not support NET START or NET STOP commands so you must
apache -k runservice use Apache's Service Control options at a command prompt. You may wish to
</PRE> set up a shortcut for each of these commands so that you can just choose
it from the start menu or desktop to perform the required action.</P>
<P>Apache will attempt to start and if successful it will run in the background. <P>Apache and Windows 95/98 offer no support for running the Apache service
If you ran this command via a shortcut on your desktop, for example, then if the service starts as a specific user with network privilages. In fact, Windows 95/98 offers
successfully a console window may flash up but will immediately disappear. no security on the local machine, either. This is the simple reason that
If Apache detects any errors on startup such as a incorrect entries in the the Apache Software Foundation never endorses the use of Windows 95/98 as a
httpd.conf file then a console window will be left visible. This will display public httpd server. These facilities exist only to assist the user in
an error message which will be useful in tracking down the cause of the problem. developing web content and learning the Apache server, and perhaps as a
</P> intranet server on a secured, private network.</P>
<P>You can signal the Apache service to start, restart or shutdown/stop as follows:
</P>
<PRE>
apache -k start
apache -k restart
apache -k shutdown
apache -k stop
</PRE>
(Note; shutdown and stop are identical actions).
<P>Windows 95/98 does not support NET START or NET STOP commands so
you must use the above commands at a command prompt. You may wish to set up a shortcut
for each of these commands so that you can just click on it to perform the required action.
</P>
<P>You can uninstall the Apache service as follows:
</P>
<PRE>
apache -u
</PRE>
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